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  • Topic
    • Caricature and cartoons 60 [-]
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    • Segregation 37 [-]
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    • American South 18 [-]
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    • Pullman Palace Car Company 7 [-]
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    • 369th Infantry Regiment 1 [-]
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    • Albert and Charles Boni, Inc. 1 [-]
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  • Object Type
    • banks (containers) 7 [-]
    • magazines (periodicals) 5 [-]
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    • portraits 2 [-]
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    • walking dolls 2 [-]
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    • 78 rpm records 1 [-]
    • Armchairs 1 [-]
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    • Banners 1 [-]
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    • Handles 1 [-]
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    • 1800s 2 [-]
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  • set-name: "Defending Freedom, Defining Freedom: The Era of Segregation, 1876-1968"
Your search found 167 result(s).
Print
  • The New Negro: An Interpretation

    Edited by
    Locke, Alain LeRoy, American, 1885 - 1954
    Illustrated by
    Reiss, F. Winold, German American, 1886 - 1953
    Published by
    Albert and Charles Boni, Inc., American, 1914 - 1974
    Date
    1925
    On View
    Concourse 2, C 2053
    Exhibition
    Defending Freedom, Defining Freedom: The Era of Segregation, 1876-1968
    Medium
    cloth on cardboard , paper with ink
    Dimensions
    H x W x D: 8 7/8 x 6 1/4 x 1 5/8 in. (22.5 x 15.9 x 4.1 cm)
    Description
    A dark green hard covered book with cloth covered spine. The front cover has a central white square with block text and three (3) triangles on either side of the first two (2) rows. The text inside the block, in black type, reads: [THE / NEW / NEGRO]. The spine has dark green triangles along the top and bottom. The title and editor are listed on the top half of the spine in black type: [THE / NEW / NEGRO / EDITED / BY / ALAIN / LOCKE]. The publisher is listed on the bottom spine in black type: [ALBERT / AND / CHARLES / BONI]. The inside covers are covered in pink paper, and are stylized with geometric shapes, figures, birds, animals, and foliage. The inside front cover has an inscription at the top of the right side writing by hand in ink: [Sam (or George) / From David. / Your need is greater than mine!]. The title page features the title, author, artist, publisher, and publication date in black type: [THE NEW NEGRO / AN INTERPRETATION / EDITED BY ALAIN LOCKE / BOOK / DECORATION / AND / PORTRAITS / BY / WINOLD / REISS / ALBERT AND CHARLES BONI / NEW YORK 1925]. Geometric triangles adorn the page at the top and bottom as well as in the center of the title. The frontispiece to the left of the title page features a color image of a woman and child. The woman wears a blue shirt and holds a baby in her proper left arm. The child wears a pink outfit and lies across the woman’s lap. The caption underneath the image in black type reads: [The Brown Madonna]. The interior pages, 452 in total, are white paper with black type and black-and-white and color illustrations throughout. The inside back cover has a stamp in black ink on the lower right that reads: [SMITHSONIAN / CURATORIAL]. The back cover features a small, central white rectangle with a stylized, geometric design.
    Classification
    Documents and Published Materials-Published Works
    Memorabilia and Ephemera
    Movement
    Harlem Renaissance (New Negro Movement)
    Type
    hardcover books
    Topic
    Art
    Caricature and cartoons
    Education
    Literature
    Poetry
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
    Object number
    2013.21
    Restrictions & Rights
    Cover: No Known Copyright Restrictions Content: ©1925 by Albert & Charles Boni, Inc. Permission required for use.
    Usage
    Usage conditions apply
    GUID
    http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd588b7c94b-cee0-4b79-b053-c03504ec8818
  • Instructions to Porters, Attendants, and Busboys

    Commissioned by
    Pullman Palace Car Company, American, 1867 - 1981
    Subject of
    Harris, A. B., American
    Date
    August 1, 1952
    On View
    Concourse 2, C 2053
    Exhibition
    Defending Freedom, Defining Freedom: The Era of Segregation, 1876-1968
    Medium
    leather, ink on paper
    Dimensions
    6 3/4 x 4 x 1/2 in. (17.1 x 10.2 x 1.3 cm)
    Description
    Black leather-bound instructions manual created by the Pullman Company for its Porters, Attendants and Busboys dated August 1, 1952. At the left corner in silver ink is a small box with the title inside. On the front free endpaper is a fill-in name plate that states in black ink: "A.B. Harris Porter St.Louis".
    Place used
    Saint Louis, Missouri, United States, North and Central America
    Classification
    Documents and Published Materials-Published Works
    Type
    manuals
    Topic
    Caricature and cartoons
    Labor
    Pullman Porters
    Segregation
    Transportation
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
    Object number
    2012.46.75.5
    Restrictions & Rights
    No Known Copyright Restrictions
    Usage
    Not determined
    GUID
    http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd55b798c84-cbfc-45f2-986e-6719c5d126c6
  • The Crisis Vol. 16 No. 3

    Published by
    National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, American, founded 1909
    Edited by
    W.E.B. Du Bois, American, 1868 - 1963
    Illustrated by
    Walts, Frank, American
    Date
    July 1918
    On View
    Concourse 2, C 2053
    Exhibition
    Defending Freedom, Defining Freedom: The Era of Segregation, 1876-1968
    Medium
    ink on paper
    Dimensions
    9 3/4 x 6 7/8 x 1/8 in. (24.8 x 17.5 x 0.3 cm)
    Description
    The July 1918 (Vol. 16 No. 3) "Education Number" issue of The Crisis. The front cover features a sketch of Nora E. Johnson by Frank Walts. The black-and-white sketch depicts Johnson from the neck up. Johnson is looking off to left and wearing a lace collar and a large black hat. Beneath the portrait is printed "Education Number." There are approximately 50 pages.
    Transcription Center Status
    Transcribed by digital volunteers
    Place printed
    New York City, New York, United States, North and Central America
    Classification
    Documents and Published Materials-Published Works
    Type
    magazines (periodicals)
    Topic
    Advertising
    Associations and institutions
    Business
    Caricature and cartoons
    Civil rights
    Education
    Literature
    Mass media
    Poetry
    Politics (Practical)
    Race relations
    Social life and customs
    Social reform
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Bobbie Ross in memory of Elizabeth Dillard
    Object number
    2012.84.7
    Restrictions & Rights
    Public domain
    Usage
    CC0
    GUID
    http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd555238ca1-6358-4e5e-b1bc-9ac6bc404398
  • The Negro in Art: A Pictorial Record of the Negro Artist and of the Negro Theme in Art

    Written by
    Locke, Alain LeRoy, American, 1885 - 1954
    Published by
    Associates in Negro Folk Education, American, 1935 - 1942
    Date
    1940
    On View
    Concourse 2, C 2053
    Exhibition
    Defending Freedom, Defining Freedom: The Era of Segregation, 1876-1968
    Medium
    cloth on cardboard , paper (fiber product) and ink
    Dimensions
    H x W x D (Closed): 12 3/16 × 9 5/16 × 1 in. (31 × 23.7 × 2.5 cm)
    H x W x D (Open): 12 3/16 × 19 × 1 in. (31 × 48.3 × 2.5 cm)
    Description
    A hard cover, string bound book. The front cover is green fabric with gold lettering. The lettering forms a half circle pattern and reads: [The Negro In Art]. The title page in black type reads: [The Negro In Art / A Pictorial Record of the Negro Artist and of the Negro Theme in Art / Edited and Annotated By / Alain Locke / Author of “Negro Art: Past and Present”]. The page to the left of the title page contains a color depiction of a woman sitting down with her proper right hand resting against her face. A child hugs her waist. The caption underneath the depiction reads: [“Mother And Child. By Sargent Johnson, Albert W Bender Collection, San Francisco Museum of Art]. The interior pages, 224 in total, are white paper with black type.
    Classification
    Documents and Published Materials-Published Works
    Movement
    Harlem Renaissance (New Negro Movement)
    Type
    books
    Topic
    Art
    Caricature and cartoons
    Literature
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
    Object number
    2011.158.7
    Restrictions & Rights
    ©1940 Associates in Negro Folk Education. Permission required for use.
    Usage
    Usage conditions apply
    GUID
    http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd5ab5d5789-1900-4d81-b6f1-d7c31bb548ce
  • CC0 Creative Commons - No Rights Reserved icon

    The Negro in Business

    Written by
    Washington, Booker T., American, 1856 - 1915
    Published by
    Hertel, Jenkins & Co., American
    Date
    1907
    On View
    Concourse 2, C 2053
    Exhibition
    Defending Freedom, Defining Freedom: The Era of Segregation, 1876-1968
    Medium
    book paper
    Dimensions
    H x W x D: 8 x 5 3/4 x 1 1/2 in. (20.3 x 14.6 x 3.8 cm)
    Description
    Hardcover book titled "The Negro in Business" written by Booker T. Washington. The cover is maroon with white lettering.
    Place printed
    Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, United States, North and Central America
    Classification
    Documents and Published Materials-Published Works
    Library Collections
    Type
    hardcover books
    Topic
    Business
    Caricature and cartoons
    Literature
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
    Object number
    2008.5.1
    Restrictions & Rights
    Public domain
    Usage
    CC0
    GUID
    http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd5760d6d6c-f3d8-4d35-b9c7-ec9771f6b73b
  • The Negro a Beast, or, In the Image of God?

    Written by
    Prof. Carroll, Charles, American
    Published by
    American Book and Bible House, American
    Date
    1900
    On View
    Concourse 2, C 2053
    Exhibition
    Defending Freedom, Defining Freedom: The Era of Segregation, 1876-1968
    Medium
    paper (fiber product) with cardboard and cloth
    Dimensions
    H x W: 8 1/2 × 6 × 1 5/16 in. (21.6 × 15.2 × 3.3 cm)
    Description
    A hardcover paper book titled: [The Negro A Beast or In The Image of God]. The book's cover is red with black writing for the title and a caricatured depiction of an African American. The interior pages, 382 in total, consist of off-white paper and black type.
    Statement
    Objects depicting racist and/or stereotypical imagery or language may be offensive and disturbing, but the NMAAHC aims to include them in the Collection to present and preserve the historical context in which they were created and used. Objects of this type provide an important historical record from which to study and evaluate racism.
    Place printed
    Saint Louis, Missouri, United States, North and Central America
    Classification
    Documents and Published Materials-Published Works
    Racist and Stereotypical Objects
    Type
    books
    Topic
    Caricature and cartoons
    Race discrimination
    Segregation
    Stereotypes
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
    Object number
    2010.13
    Restrictions & Rights
    Public Domain
    Usage
    Usage conditions apply
    GUID
    http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd54fd8e6ba-1cab-4dbf-9b98-4d76eb759e6b
  • Lyrics of Love and Laughter

    Written by
    Dunbar, Paul Laurence, American, 1872 - 1906
    Published by
    Dodd, Mead and Company, American, 1839 - 1990
    Date
    1903
    On View
    Concourse 2, C 2053
    Exhibition
    Defending Freedom, Defining Freedom: The Era of Segregation, 1876-1968
    Medium
    cardboard , ink on book paper
    Dimensions
    6 1/2 x 4 1/2 x 3/4 in. (16.5 x 11.4 x 1.9 cm)
    Description
    A hardcover, olive green book with gold print and title decoratively framed.
    Classification
    Documents and Published Materials-Published Works
    Type
    hardcover books
    Topic
    Caricature and cartoons
    Literature
    U.S. History, 1865-1921
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
    Object number
    2010.42.7
    Restrictions & Rights
    Public domain
    Usage
    CC0
    GUID
    http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd56ef077eb-a075-43f2-b0ed-d528e4fd8dcb
  • CC0 Creative Commons - No Rights Reserved icon

    Pew from the Quinn Chapel African Methodist Episcopal Church

    Commissioned by
    Unidentified
    Used by
    Quinn Chapel African Methodist Episcopal Church, American, founded 1844
    Date
    1891
    On View
    Concourse 2, C 2053
    Exhibition
    Defending Freedom, Defining Freedom: The Era of Segregation, 1876-1968
    Medium
    wood
    Dimensions
    H x W x D: 47 × 51 × 29 in., 90 lb. (119.4 × 129.5 × 73.7 cm, 40.8 kg)
    Description
    A dark-stained oak church pew with decoratively carved top crowns and sculptured ends. A brass plaque on the end identifies it as number 58.
    Place used
    Chicago, Cook County, Illinois, United States, North and Central America
    Classification
    Religious and Sacred Objects
    Type
    pews
    Topic
    Craftsmanship
    Religious groups
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Quinn Chapel African Methodist Episcopal Church, Chicago, Illinois
    Object number
    2006.1
    Restrictions & Rights
    No Known Copyright Restrictions
    Usage
    CC0
    GUID
    http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd57c7423ac-d735-4503-b131-7f727a778951
  • Bust in the form of a caricatured man wearing a watermelon bow tie

    Created by
    Unidentified
    Date
    20th century
    On View
    Concourse 2, C 2053
    Exhibition
    Defending Freedom, Defining Freedom: The Era of Segregation, 1876-1968
    Medium
    wood and paint
    Dimensions
    10 1/8 x 6 15/16 x 7 1/16 in. (25.7 x 17.6 x 17.9 cm)
    Description
    A carved and painted wooden bust in the form of a caricatured man. The man is depicted from the neck up wearing a green bow tie with a yellow center knot and raised watermelon reliefs on each tie loop. His face, neck, and hair are painted black. His hair is textured, with numerous small cuts. His eyes are painted white with black centers. He has a large nose, large ears and wide red lips. He is wearing a green bow tie with a yellow knot. The bust is mounted on a brown, square wooden base.
    Statement
    Objects depicting racist and/or stereotypical imagery or language may be offensive and disturbing, but the NMAAHC aims to include them in the Collection to present and preserve the historical context in which they were created and used. Objects of this type provide an important historical record from which to study and evaluate racism.
    Collection title
    Collection of James M. Caselli and Jonathan Mark Scharer
    Classification
    Furnishings, Housewares, and Décor
    Racist and Stereotypical Objects
    Type
    busts
    Topic
    Caricature and cartoons
    Stereotypes
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of the Collection of James M. Caselli and Jonathan Mark Scharer
    Object number
    2007.7.306
    Restrictions & Rights
    No Known Copyright Restrictions
    Usage
    Usage conditions apply
    GUID
    http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd5d9ccba03-0bd3-45b7-94f3-89e285c64a0d
  • Embosser used by Claflin University

    Manufactured by
    Unidentified
    Used by
    Claflin University, American, founded 1869
    Date
    1870-1900
    On View
    Concourse 2, C 2053
    Exhibition
    Defending Freedom, Defining Freedom: The Era of Segregation, 1876-1968
    Medium
    paint, cast iron
    Dimensions
    H x W x D: 6 7/8 × 6 1/2 × 2 1/8 in. (17.5 × 16.5 × 5.4 cm)
    Description
    A hand-operated embossing machine used by Claflin University. The exterior is painted black, with paint chipping away throughout surface. The embosser stands flat on a beveled base that is curved on two opposing sides, each containing a hole through the base at the end. The mechanism has a long, rounded lever, with a silver plated top on the end, hinged at the body of the embosser on the opposite side, with a spring element underneath, and is used to push the cylinder element into whatever material will be embossed. Below the cylindrical element, there is a two-tiered base, the bottom being circular with relief type (illegible) on the top, the other sitting on the top curved with straight ends in an oblong shape. There is a slit for the material being embossed to slide into between the pedestal and the cylinder. The main body of embosser has a relief 5-point star, painted red, with gold lines coming off of it, on both sides.
    Place used
    Orangeburg, South Carolina, United States, North and Central America
    Classification
    Tools and Equipment-Crafting-Artistic-Image-making
    Type
    tools
    Topic
    American South
    Business
    Education
    HBCUs (Historically Black Colleges and Universities)
    Reconstruction, U.S. History, 1865-1877
    Segregation
    U.S. History, 1865-1921
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Claflin University
    Object number
    2016.24
    Restrictions & Rights
    No Known Copyright Restrictions
    Usage
    CC0
    GUID
    http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd532c97a89-30d3-4ce1-9293-ff72647ef851
  • CC0 Creative Commons - No Rights Reserved icon

    Laundry pail associated with the 1965 Selma to Montgomery march

    Manufactured by
    Unidentified
    Used by
    Dr. King, Martin Luther Jr., American, 1929 - 1968
    Rev. Abernathy, Ralph David, American, 1926 - 1990
    Owned by
    Jackson, Richie Jean, American, 1932 - 2013
    Dr. Jackson, Sullivan, American, 1923 - 2004
    Date
    mid-20th century
    On View
    Concourse 2, C 2053
    Exhibition
    Defending Freedom, Defining Freedom: The Era of Segregation, 1876-1968
    Medium
    aluminum
    Dimensions
    H x W x D: 8 13/16 × 13 5/8 × 14 1/16 in. (22.4 × 34.6 × 35.7 cm)
    Description
    Galvanized aluminum pail with a volume of approximately three (3) gallons. The pail is slightly narrower at base than at lip. Three (3) ribs run around the top of the sides. The pail has a handle that can be raised and lowered. At the bottom of the interior of the pail is a raised letter [A] in the center of concentric ribs that make up the base.
    Place used
    Selma, Dallas County, Alabama, United States, North and Central America
    Classification
    Tools and Equipment-Domestic
    Type
    pails
    Topic
    Civil rights
    Domestic life
    Families
    U.S. History, 1961-1969
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
    Object number
    2014.192
    Restrictions & Rights
    No Known Copyright Restrictions
    Usage
    CC0
    GUID
    http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd59df261ed-9667-447c-a5a9-557fbff9fc10
  • CC0 Creative Commons - No Rights Reserved icon

    Pinback button supporting the Scottsboro Boys

    Created by
    Eagle Regalia Company, American, founded 1910
    Subject of
    Scottsboro Boys, American, 1931 - 1989
    International Labor Defense, American, 1925 - 1946
    Date
    1931
    On View
    Concourse 2, C 2053
    Exhibition
    Defending Freedom, Defining Freedom: The Era of Segregation, 1876-1968
    Medium
    celluloid and metal
    Dimensions
    H x W: 7/8 x 7/8 in. (2.2 x 2.2 cm)
    Description
    A circular pin-back button with red typeface and a graphic of two arms (representing the International Labor Defense) bending open prison bars with nine men's busts below. Red type at the top reads: [SAVE / THE / SCOTTSBORO / BOYS]. The back of the pin has a paper backing with handwriting and print that reads: [5383 / Eagle Regalia Co / 298 Broadway / New York]. A logo of the maker is below the type.
    Transcription Center Status
    Transcribed by digital volunteers
    Place depicted
    Paint Rock, Jackson County, Alabama, United States, North and Central America
    Place made
    Eagle Regalia Co. 298 Broadway, New York City, New York, United States, North and Central America
    Classification
    Memorabilia and Ephemera-Political and Activist Ephemera
    Movement
    Anti-Lynching Movement
    Type
    buttons (information artifacts)
    Topic
    Justice
    Law
    Race discrimination
    U.S. History, 1919-1933
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
    Object number
    2012.86
    Restrictions & Rights
    No Known Copyright Restrictions
    Usage
    CC0
    GUID
    http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd5ab1e6d27-51ee-4dcc-ab25-7ef0f3451b82
  • CC0 Creative Commons - No Rights Reserved icon

    "Riot penny" charred during the 1921 Tulsa race riot

    Created by
    United States Mint, American, founded 1792
    Owned by
    Monroe, George, American, 1916 - 2001
    Date
    1909-1921
    On View
    Concourse 2, C 2053
    Exhibition
    Defending Freedom, Defining Freedom: The Era of Segregation, 1876-1968
    Medium
    copper alloy
    Dimensions
    Diameter: 3/4 in. (1.9 cm)
    3/4 x 3/4 x 1/16 in. (1.9 x 1.9 x 0.2 cm)
    Description
    A charred penny from the Tulsa riot in 1921. The penny is black. The embossing on the front of the penny is no longer visible. The back side of the coin is melted with only the words "ONE / CENT / UNITED" visible.
    Place collected
    Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States, North and Central America
    Classification
    Coins and Currency
    Type
    coins
    Topic
    Communities
    Race discrimination
    Race riots
    U.S. History, 1919-1933
    Violence
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Scott Ellsworth
    Object number
    2012.96.5
    Restrictions & Rights
    No Known Copyright Restrictions
    Usage
    CC0
    GUID
    http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd522ee7c71-053e-4260-b6ca-220b08a80d74
  • CC0 Creative Commons - No Rights Reserved icon

    Deacon's chair used by Sixth Mount Zion Baptist Church

    Created by
    Jacob & Josef Kohn, Austrian, 1849 - 1914
    Used by
    Sixth Mount Zion Baptist Chuch, American, founded 1867
    Date
    ca. 1900
    On View
    Concourse 2, C 2053
    Exhibition
    Defending Freedom, Defining Freedom: The Era of Segregation, 1876-1968
    Medium
    bentwood, wood, metal
    Dimensions
    35 x 23 3/4 x 21 in. (88.9 x 60.3 x 53.3 cm)
    Description
    Four-legged wooden, bentwood armchair. Chair covered in a dark red-brown paint or finish. Chair seat is round with carved, shallow ridges on seat top. Ridges are in expanding, concentric "U" shapes, narrower in the middle and expanding outward toward the center. "U" shapes begin on either side, closer to the chair back. The chair seat is flatter in front than at the back. The front of the chair seat is also wider than at the back. Outside wood bar, one continuous piece, of chair back curves around and down to make the chair legs. In the middle of the chair back is another curved loop of bent wood that attaches to the top bar and to the seat. Chair armrests are each one piece of bent wood. On the PL arm is a curvilinear armrest attached at the top of the bent wood. The armrest is slightly curved vertically as well as slightly oriented toward the outside edge of the chair. Circular wood ring of support runs around the interior of the four (4) legs. All four (4) legs slightly curved with the PL front leg curving inward. Paper label underneath chair seat that includes maker information, place of origin, and maker's logo.
    Place used
    Richmond, Virginia, United States, North and Central America
    Richmond, Virginia, United States, North and Central America
    Classification
    Religious and Sacred Objects
    Type
    armchairs
    Topic
    Religious groups
    Segregation
    U.S. History, 1865-1921
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of the Sixth Mount Zion Baptist Church, Richmond, Virginia
    Object number
    2013.150.2
    Restrictions & Rights
    No Known Copyright Restrictions
    Usage
    CC0
    GUID
    http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd542a5aec4-4ca7-42d9-a90a-b1755c17e3e1
  • Member token used by Nelda Rowan to ensure safe passage in South Carolina

    Issued by
    Ku Klux Klan, 2nd, American, 1915 - 1944
    Owned by
    Rowan, Nelda S., American, 1929 - 1997
    Date
    1950s
    On View
    Concourse 2, C 2053
    Exhibition
    Defending Freedom, Defining Freedom: The Era of Segregation, 1876-1968
    Medium
    brass (alloy)
    Dimensions
    H x W x D (Diameter): 1 3/4 in. (4.5 cm)
    Description
    A brass token stamped with [MEMBER / KKK / IN / GOOD STANDING] with a pendant hole at the top. The letters [KKK] have been punched out entirely while the rest of the text is engraved. The verso is blank.
    Statement
    Objects depicting symbols of hate or related to organized hate groups may be offensive and disturbing, but the NMAAHC aims to include them in the Collection to present and preserve the historical context in which they were created and used. Objects of this type provide an important historical record from which to study and evaluate history and culture.
    Place used
    Columbia, Richland County, South Carolina, United States, North and Central America
    Classification
    Memorabilia and Ephemera
    Type
    tokens
    Topic
    American South
    Fraternal organizations
    Rural life
    U.S. History, 1953-1961
    White supremacy movements
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Susan Rowan McGee
    Object number
    2013.184
    Restrictions & Rights
    No Known Copyright Restrictions
    Usage
    Usage conditions apply
    GUID
    http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd595cf2bec-9e42-49fa-90d0-e3381607e3e6
  • CC0 Creative Commons - No Rights Reserved icon

    Flier with segregationist voting guide

    Created by
    Mothers' League of Central High School, 1957 - 1959
    Subject of
    Ted Lamb, 1927 - 1984
    Matson, Russell
    Tucker, Everett
    Date
    1959
    On View
    Concourse 2, C 2053
    Exhibition
    Defending Freedom, Defining Freedom: The Era of Segregation, 1876-1968
    Medium
    ink on paper
    Dimensions
    H x W: 5 5/8 × 4 1/4 in. (14.3 × 10.8 cm)
    Description
    Small printed flyer. Black text on white paper. It reads [IF YOU WANT TO KEEP / OUR SCHOOLS SEGREGATED / VOTE / FOR REMOVAL / OF LAMB / MATSON / TUCKER / AGAINST REMOVAL / OF LASTER / McKINLEY / ROWLAND / THE MOTHER' LEAGUE / P.O. Box 3321 / Little Rock, Arkansas].
    Place depicted
    Little Rock, Pulaski County, Arkansas, United States, North and Central America
    Classification
    Memorabilia and Ephemera-Political and Activist Ephemera
    Type
    fliers (printed matter)
    Topic
    Education
    Segregation
    U.S. History, 1953-1961
    White supremacy movements
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
    Object number
    2013.46.13.1
    Restrictions & Rights
    No Known Copyright Restrictions
    Usage
    CC0
    GUID
    http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd5245ef19b-fcfc-440d-8441-5dd213e25957
  • CC0 Creative Commons - No Rights Reserved icon

    Political card antagonizing candidates favoring integration

    Created by
    Unidentified
    Subject of
    Bates, Daisy, American, 1914 - 1999
    Ted Lamb, 1927 - 1984
    Tucker, Everett
    Matson, Russell
    Date
    1959
    On View
    Concourse 2, C 2053
    Exhibition
    Defending Freedom, Defining Freedom: The Era of Segregation, 1876-1968
    Medium
    ink on paper
    Dimensions
    H x W: 2 × 3 1/2 in. (5.1 × 8.9 cm)
    Description
    White card with black printed text aligned at the center. Names are in bold. It reads [DAISY has a little LAMB / Whose face is white as snow, / Everywhere DAISY goes, / LAMB, TUCKER, and MATSON / are sure to go.]
    Place depicted
    Little Rock, Pulaski County, Arkansas, United States, North and Central America
    Classification
    Memorabilia and Ephemera-Political and Activist Ephemera
    Type
    cards
    Topic
    Education
    Segregation
    U.S. History, 1953-1961
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
    Object number
    2013.46.13.2
    Restrictions & Rights
    No Known Copyright Restrictions
    Usage
    CC0
    GUID
    http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd54f234bd2-2097-40b7-b64a-4db6b1721d82
  • CC0 Creative Commons - No Rights Reserved icon

    Mimeograph sheet with segregationist language

    Created by
    Unidentified
    Subject of
    Bates, Daisy, American, 1914 - 1999
    Date
    1957-1959
    On View
    Concourse 2, C 2053
    Exhibition
    Defending Freedom, Defining Freedom: The Era of Segregation, 1876-1968
    Medium
    ink on paper
    Dimensions
    H x W: 2 15/16 × 5 in. (7.5 × 12.7 cm)
    Description
    Small mimeographed flyer. Black ink on soiled white paper. It features a drawing of Little Rock Central High School and the text [CENTRAL HIGH REFORMATORY / BROTHERHOOD BY SUSPENSION! / SCHOOL OF ONE BLOSSOM, AND IT’S A / DAISY] Discolored throughout. Edge wear throughout, with tears and loss. Two small holes at bottom right.
    Place depicted
    Little Rock, Pulaski County, Arkansas, United States, North and Central America
    Classification
    Memorabilia and Ephemera-Political and Activist Ephemera
    Type
    mimeograph copies
    Topic
    Education
    Segregation
    U.S. History, 1953-1961
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
    Object number
    2013.46.13.3
    Restrictions & Rights
    No Known Copyright Restrictions
    Usage
    CC0
    GUID
    http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd5f37c80f9-66d9-430f-ac6c-97dac3aea093
  • CC0 Creative Commons - No Rights Reserved icon

    Organization of Afro-American Unity Inc. Aims and Objectives

    Created by
    Organization of Afro-American Unity, American, 1965 - 1965
    Subject of
    X, Malcolm, American, 1925 - 1965
    Little-Collins, Ella, 1914 - 1996
    Date
    1964
    On View
    Concourse 2, C 2053
    Exhibition
    Defending Freedom, Defining Freedom: The Era of Segregation, 1876-1968
    Medium
    ink on paper
    Dimensions
    H x W: 8 1/2 × 11 in. (21.6 × 27.9 cm)
    Description
    Organization of Afro-American Unity Inc. leaflet. A single sheet of paper appears to have been originally folded in half, forming four (4) pages. The OAAU Seal, a graphic of four (4) overlapping circles with the numbers [360] and [34] and Arabic text underneath, is featured at the top of the first page. Black text on the page reads ["FROM DARKNESS / TO LIGHT" / OAUU, Inc. Seal / ORGANIZSATION / OF AFRO-AMERICAN UNITY / INC. / AIMS & OBJECTIVES]. The leaflet features photographic portraits of Malcolm X and his sister Ella Collins, following by a list of ten (10) "Aims & Objectives" of the organization."
    Classification
    Memorabilia and Ephemera-Political and Activist Ephemera
    Movement
    Pan Africanism
    Black Nationalism
    Type
    leaflets
    Topic
    Africa
    Politics (Practical)
    U.S. History, 1961-1969
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
    Object number
    2013.46.20
    Restrictions & Rights
    No Known Copyright Restrictions
    Usage
    CC0
    GUID
    http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd5a886db41-252d-4f35-bfdf-b15e2b4ad4a1
  • Pinback button for a Freedom Ride organized by CORE

    Issued by
    Congress of Racial Equality, American, founded 1942
    Manufactured by
    Unidentified
    Date
    1961
    On View
    Concourse 2, C 2053
    Exhibition
    Defending Freedom, Defining Freedom: The Era of Segregation, 1876-1968
    Medium
    metal and plastic
    Dimensions
    Diameter: 1 1/2 in. (3.8 cm)
    Description
    A small, circular, blue and white pinback button featuring the text [ FREEDOM RIDE / CORE ].
    Classification
    Memorabilia and Ephemera-Political and Activist Ephemera
    Movement
    Civil Rights Movement
    Type
    buttons (information artifacts)
    Topic
    Civil rights
    U.S. History, 1961-1969
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift from Dawn Simon Spears and Alvin Spears, Sr.
    Object number
    2011.159.3.25
    Restrictions & Rights
    Unknown - Restrictions Possible
    Usage
    Usage conditions apply
    GUID
    http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd594e5afc4-b68d-471e-85cc-ddf10619cebe

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