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  • Topic
    • Slavery 298 [-]
    • Business 150 [-]
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    • Photography 100 [-]
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    • U.S. History, 1815-1861 50 [-]
    • Clothing and dress 44 [-]
    • Reconstruction, U.S. History, 1865-1877 44 [-]
    • Women 44 [-]
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    • Social reform 37 [-]
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    • Free communities of color 27 [-]
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    • Self-liberation 24 [-]
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    • Anti-slavery movements 22 [-]
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    • Freedom 21 [-]
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    • Caricature and cartoons 16 [-]
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    • Literature 12 [-]
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    • Portuguese colonialism 5 [-]
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    • Athletes 2 [-]
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  • Name
    • Rouzee Family 79 [-]
    • Howland, Emily 46 [-]
    • Confederate States of America 38 [-]
    • Garrison, William Lloyd 20 [-]
    • Keatinge & Ball 19 [-]
    • Knapp, Isaac 16 [-]
    • The Liberator 16 [-]
    • J.B. Yerrington & Son 14 [-]
    • Douglass, Frederick 13 [-]
    • Tubman, Harriet 13 [-]
    • Walker, Evans & Co. 13 [-]
    • Crozley, Sarah Ann Blunt 10 [-]
    • Garrison, George Thompson 10 [-]
    • Old Slave Mart Museum 8 [-]
    • 55th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment 6 [-]
    • Fox, Samuel M. 6 [-]
    • Gardner, Alexander 6 [-]
    • Memminger, Christopher G. 6 [-]
    • Saunders, Giles 6 [-]
    • Point of Pines Plantation 5 [-]
    • da Cortá, Joaquin Antonio 5 [-]
    • Carter 4 [-]
    • E. and H.T. Anthony and Company 4 [-]
    • Hunter, Robert Mercer Taliaferro 4 [-]
    • Porter, Thomas 4 [-]
    • Stephens, Alexander H. 4 [-]
    • Ulke, Henry 4 [-]
    • 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment 3 [-]
    • American Anti-Slavery Society 3 [-]
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    • Benjamin, Judah P. 3 [-]
    • Black Fashion Museum 3 [-]
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    • Hoyt, David 3 [-]
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    • Annis, Jerome Bonaparte 2 [-]
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    • 107th Regiment, U. S. Colored Troops 1 [-]
    • 19th United States Colored Infantry 1 [-]
    • 1st Arkansas Regiment Volunteer Infantry (African Descent) 1 [-]
    • 23rd U.S. Colored Infantry 1 [-]
    • 27th Infantry Regiment, United States Colored Troops 1 [-]
    • Addison, John 1 [-]
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    • Allen, Richard 1 [-]
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  • Object Type
    • financial records 79 [-]
    • Photographs 68 [-]
    • Portraits 59 [-]
    • money 53 [-]
    • Visiting cards 38 [-]
    • Money 33 [-]
    • portraits 33 [-]
    • tax records 32 [-]
    • American paper money 26 [-]
    • manillas 21 [-]
    • Newspapers 19 [-]
    • trade beads 16 [-]
    • albumen prints 15 [-]
    • bills of sale 14 [-]
    • cartes-de-visite 14 [-]
    • receipts 14 [-]
    • letters (correspondence) 13 [-]
    • Stereographs 11 [-]
    • Badges 7 [-]
    • Legal documents 7 [-]
    • Bonds (legal records) 6 [-]
    • baskets 6 [-]
    • beads 6 [-]
    • broadsides 6 [-]
    • cabinet photographs 6 [-]
    • Hardcover books 5 [-]
    • Narratives (document genres) 5 [-]
    • Sales records 5 [-]
    • buttons (fasteners) 5 [-]
    • buttons (information artifacts) 5 [-]
    • invoices 5 [-]
    • Blocks (shaped masses) 4 [-]
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    • biography files 4 [-]
    • documents 4 [-]
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    • Books 3 [-]
    • Broadsides (notices) 3 [-]
    • Paintings 3 [-]
    • boxes (containers) 3 [-]
    • bullets 3 [-]
    • business letters 3 [-]
    • collars (neckwear) 3 [-]
    • collodion prints 3 [-]
    • forms (documents) 3 [-]
    • free papers 3 [-]
    • handkerchiefs 3 [-]
    • tintypes 3 [-]
    • whips (slavery artifacts) 3 [-]
    • Almanacs 2 [-]
    • Bible 2 [-]
    • Clippings (information artifacts) 2 [-]
    • Correspondence 2 [-]
    • Documents 2 [-]
    • Lithographs 2 [-]
    • Magazines (periodicals) 2 [-]
    • Maps 2 [-]
    • Medallions (medals) 2 [-]
    • Medals 2 [-]
    • Pamphlets 2 [-]
    • Prints 2 [-]
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    • Swords 2 [-]
    • Tags 2 [-]
    • banjos 2 [-]
    • bonds (negotiable instruments) 2 [-]
    • books 2 [-]
    • daguerreotypes 2 [-]
    • deeds 2 [-]
    • dresses 2 [-]
    • gelatin silver prints 2 [-]
    • indentures 2 [-]
    • lists 2 [-]
    • newspapers 2 [-]
    • pothooks 2 [-]
    • shackles 2 [-]
    • Boxes (containers) 1 [-]
    • Buckles (strap accessories) 1 [-]
    • Buttons 1 [-]
    • Buttons (fasteners) 1 [-]
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    • Claims 1 [-]
    • Contracts 1 [-]
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    • Diaries 1 [-]
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    • Notebooks 1 [-]
    • Oil lamps 1 [-]
    • Paper money 1 [-]
    • Petitions 1 [-]
    • Pins (jewelry) 1 [-]
    • Poems 1 [-]
    • Postcards 1 [-]
    • Powder horns 1 [-]
    • Quilts 1 [-]
    • Reports 1 [-]
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  • Date
    • 1500s 5 [-]
    • 1600s 5 [-]
    • 1610s 1 [-]
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    • 1690s 8 [-]
    • 1700s 17 [-]
    • 1740s 1 [-]
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    • 1850s 79 [-]
    • 1860s 174 [-]
    • 1870s 59 [-]
    • 1880s 27 [-]
    • 1890s 12 [-]
    • 1900s 20 [-]
    • 1910s 7 [-]
    • 1920s 3 [-]
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  • Place
    • North and Central America 384 [-]
    • United States 377 [-]
    • Virginia 137 [-]
    • Essex County 80 [-]
    • West Africa 59 [-]
    • South Carolina 39 [-]
    • Massachusetts 37 [-]
    • Richmond 34 [-]
    • Boston 27 [-]
    • Europe 26 [-]
    • Suffolk County 25 [-]
    • Caribbean 24 [-]
    • Pennsylvania 22 [-]
    • New York 21 [-]
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    • District of Columbia 17 [-]
    • Louisiana 17 [-]
    • Washington 17 [-]
    • England 15 [-]
    • Latin America 15 [-]
    • Charleston 14 [-]
    • Auburn 13 [-]
    • Maryland 13 [-]
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    • Kentucky 12 [-]
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    • Georgia 11 [-]
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    • Ghana 5 [-]
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    • Hartford County 5 [-]
    • Montevideo 5 [-]
    • North Carolina 5 [-]
    • Richland County 5 [-]
    • Rio de Janeiro 5 [-]
    • Uruguay 5 [-]
    • Alabama 4 [-]
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    • Maps 28 [-]
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  • The Elementary Spelling Book: Being An Improvement On The American Spelling Book

    Written by
    Noah Webster Jr., American, 1758 - 1843
    Published by
    George F. Cooledge & Brother, American, 1829 - 1863
    Date
    1845
    On View
    Concourse 3, C3 053
    Exhibition
    Slavery and Freedom
    Medium
    ink on paper
    Dimensions
    H x W x D: 7 × 4 1/8 × 3/8 in. (17.8 × 10.5 × 1 cm)
    Caption
    Popularly called "the blue-black speller," many African Americans remember Noah Webster's Elementary Spelling Book as the way they learned to read and spell after slavery.
    Description
    A faded blue textbook with black text titled “The Elementary Spelling Book: Being an Improvement on the American Spelling Book” by Noah Webster. Printed at the top of the cover is “THE LAST REVISED EDITION.” The title is at the center of the cover surrounded by a floral design and the author’s name. The publisher’s information is printed at the bottom of the cover. The cover is torn and faded. The book contains 168 pages. The pages are white with black text.
    Place used
    United States, North and Central America
    Classification
    Slavery and Freedom Objects
    Documents and Published Materials-Published Works
    Type
    spelling books
    Topic
    Caricature and cartoons
    Education
    Emancipation
    Language
    Reconstruction, U.S. History, 1865-1877
    Youth
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Nancy Bercaw
    Object number
    2017.89
    Restrictions & Rights
    Public domain
    Usage
    CC0
    GUID
    http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd5238a8d20-030b-4e23-ad4d-84e1bd8b8769
  • CC0 Creative Commons - No Rights Reserved icon

    Twelve Years A Slave

    Written by
    Northup, Solomon, American, 1808 - 1875
    Published by
    Derby and Miller, American, 1848 - 1853
    Date
    1853
    On View
    Concourse 3, C3 053
    Exhibition
    Slavery and Freedom
    Medium
    ink on paper with gold, cloth, and cardboard
    Dimensions
    H x W x D (Closed): 7 3/4 × 5 1/2 × 1 5/16 in. (19.7 × 14 × 3.4 cm)
    H x W x D (Open): 7 3/4 × 11 1/2 × 4 1/8 in. (19.7 × 29.2 × 10.5 cm)
    H x W x D (open at 90 degrees): 7 3/4 × 6 × 6 1/4 in. (19.7 × 15.2 × 15.9 cm)
    H x W x D (open at 60 degrees): 7 3/4 × 5 3/4 × 5 3/4 in. (19.7 × 14.6 × 14.6 cm)
    Description
    This book is a first edition, seventeenth thousand printing copy of “Twelve Years A Slave Narrative of Solomon Northup, A Citizen of New York, Kidnapped in Washington City in 1841, and Rescued in 1853, and Rescued in 1853, From a Common Plantation Near the Red River, in Louisiana." The book has a brown cloth binding. The exterior spine is embossed with two lines running across the top and bottom of the spine. The title of the book has been embossed in gilt lettering [TWELVE/YEARS/A/SLAVE] across the top third of the spine and is surrounded by engraved flourishes. The name of the publishers [DARBY & MILLER] is embossed in gilt across the bottom of the spine. The front and back cover boards have been embossed with identical designs: two flourishes within two rectangles. The book has yellow end papers, a dedication to Harriet Beecher Stowe, a quote by Cowpee, an editor’s preface, twenty-two chapters and an appendix. The frontispiece is a portrait of Solomon Northup seated on a bench with his arms crossed. A facsimile of his signature is below the picture with a caption that reads, “IN HIS PLANTATION SUIT.” Three hundred and thirty-six pages with seven black and white plates.
    Place printed
    Auburn, Cuyahoga County, New York, United States, North and Central America
    Place depicted
    New Orleans, Orleans Parish, Louisiana, United States, North and Central America
    Washington, District of Columbia, United States, North and Central America
    Classification
    Slavery and Freedom Objects
    Documents and Published Materials-Published Works
    Movement
    Abolitionist movement
    Type
    narratives
    hardcover books
    Topic
    American South
    Antislavery
    Caricature and cartoons
    Domestic slave trade
    Free communities of color
    Law
    Literature
    U.S. History, 1815-1861
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
    Object number
    2014.262
    Restrictions & Rights
    Public Domain
    Usage
    CC0
    GUID
    http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd537167978-c6a5-4b5c-8aad-8b8ccdd82f33
  • CC0 Creative Commons - No Rights Reserved icon

    Le Code Noir

    Printed by
    Prault, Pierre, French
    Date
    1767
    Medium
    ink , paper , cardboard , leather
    Dimensions
    closed: 4 7/8 × 3 5/16 × 1 1/8 in. (12.4 × 8.4 × 2.9 cm)
    open: 4 7/8 × 5 1/4 × 3 1/4 in. (12.4 × 13.3 × 8.3 cm)
    Description
    Bound 446 page volume of 1767 "Le Code Noir" or "Black Code" with a red leather spine. The book covers are wrapped in a blue-green marbled paper and the edges are slightly worn. On the spine is embossed text in gold, above the center [LE / CODE NOIR]. Also on the spine are five sets of embossed lines, at regular intervals, with impressions of stylized foliage between each. Within the front cover are various marks in pencil near the top of the cover and pages [48056 / caribbean slavery / 4750 / ANAXVS / KK]. The interior pages are in tact but slightly water stained.
    Place collected
    New Haven, New Haven County, Connecticut, United States, North and Central America
    Place printed
    Paris, Île-de-France, France, Europe
    Place depicted
    Haiti, Caribbean, Latin America, North and Central America
    Louisiana, United States, North and Central America
    Guadeloupe, Caribbean, Latin America, North and Central America
    Martinique, Caribbean, Latin America, North and Central America
    Saint Lucia, Caribbean, North and Central America
    Grenada, Caribbean, North and Central America
    Classification
    Slavery and Freedom Objects
    Documents and Published Materials-Published Works
    Type
    pamphlets
    Topic
    Caricature and cartoons
    Colonialism
    French colonialism
    Law
    Race discrimination
    Race relations
    Slavery
    U.S. History, Colonial period, 1600-1775
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
    Object number
    2014.67
    Restrictions & Rights
    Public domain
    Usage
    CC0
    GUID
    http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd5adcc64ec-c10a-49e7-a90a-587a63406e3e
  • CC0 Creative Commons - No Rights Reserved icon

    The Case of Dred Scott in the United States Supreme Court

    Written by
    Chief Justice Taney, Roger B., American, 1777 - 1964
    Justice Curtis, Benjamin Robbins, American, 1809 - 1874
    Published by
    Greeley, Horace, American, 1811 - 1872
    Subject of
    Scott, Dred, American, ca 1800 - 1858
    Date
    1857
    On View
    Concourse 3, C3 053
    Exhibition
    Slavery and Freedom
    Medium
    ink on paper (fiber product) with string (fiber product)
    Dimensions
    H x W x D: 9 1/16 × 5 13/16 × 5/16 in. (23 × 14.7 × 0.8 cm)
    Description
    A first edition, octavo volume of The Case of Dred Scott in the United States Supreme Court with sewn self-wrappers. The title and publishing information are printed in black ink, centered on the front wrap against a plain background: [The Case / OF / DRED SCOTT / IN THE / UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT. / THE FULL DECISION OF / CHIEF JUSTICE TANEY / AND / JUSTICE CURTIS / AND ABSTRACTS OF THE / OPINIONS OF THE OTHER JUDGES; / WITH ANALYSIS OF THE POINTS RULED, AND SOME / CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS. / NEW YORK / GREELEY & McELRATH, TRIBUNE BUILDINGS / 1857. / Price, 25 Cents; $1 for Five Copies; $2 per Dozen; $15 per Hundred.] There are 104 pages. The text concludes with the sections [RESOLUTIONS] and [AN ACT TO SECURE THE FREEDOM OF ALL PERSONS WITHIN THIS STATE.] on the back. The volume is inscribed to the New York State congressman Robert J. Hale at the top center of the front wrap: [Robt. Hale from R. W. Livingston, July / 57].
    Place printed
    New York City, New York, United States, North and Central America
    Classification
    Slavery and Freedom Objects
    Documents and Published Materials-Published Works
    Type
    reports
    Topic
    Caricature and cartoons
    Civil rights
    Emancipation
    Government
    Law
    Politics (Practical)
    Race discrimination
    Slavery
    U.S. History, 1815-1861
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
    Object number
    2015.262
    Restrictions & Rights
    Public domain
    Usage
    CC0
    GUID
    http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd5c1529cce-9678-43b6-9fc9-8115e1b2df55
  • CC0 Creative Commons - No Rights Reserved icon

    The Life and Adventures of James P. Beckwourth, Mountaineer, Scout, and Pioneer, and Chief of the Crow Nation of Indians

    Subject of
    Beckwourth, Jim, American, 1798 - 1866
    Created by
    Beckwourth, Jim, American, 1798 - 1866
    Bonner, T. D., American
    Published by
    Harper & Brothers, American, 1817 - 1962
    Date
    1856
    On View
    Community/Third Floor, 3 051
    Exhibition
    Power of Place
    Medium
    ink on book paper , cloth and cardboard
    Dimensions
    H x W x D: 8 x 5 1/2 x 1 1/4 in. (20.3 x 14 x 3.2 cm)
    H x W x D (Open at 60 Degrees): 8 × 6 1/2 × 6 3/8 in. (20.3 × 16.5 × 16.2 cm)
    Description
    Embossed brown cloth, hardcover book with 537-pages, 2 pages of ads, frontispiece and many illustrations with engraving of James P. Beckwourth in hunter's costume on frontispiece.
    Place printed
    Franklin Square, Nassau County, New York, United States, North and Central America
    Classification
    Slavery and Freedom Objects
    Documents and Published Materials-Published Works
    Type
    narratives
    hardcover books
    Topic
    American West
    Caricature and cartoons
    Freedom
    Men
    Slavery
    U.S. History, 1815-1861
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
    Object number
    2013.19
    Restrictions & Rights
    Public Domain
    Usage
    CC0
    GUID
    http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd56762ba4a-0b84-4bd2-a43d-7033550f03b7
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    Picture of Slavery in the United States of America

    Written by
    Rev. Bourne, George, British American, 1780 - 1845
    Published by
    Hunt, Edwin, American
    Date
    1834
    On View
    Concourse 3, C3 053
    Exhibition
    Slavery and Freedom
    Medium
    ink on paper
    Dimensions
    H x W x D: 6 x 3 3/4 x 3/4 in. (15.2 x 9.5 x 1.9 cm)
    Description
    This book is entitled "Picture of Slavery in the United States of America," and was written by Reverend George Bourne. It was published by Edwin Hunt in 1834. The text is bound in a plain dark blue paper cover with text on the interior pages printed in black ink. There are ten (10) engravings included, featuring images related to scenes of slavery.
    Place made
    Middletown, Middlesex County, Connecticut, United States, North and Central America
    Classification
    Slavery and Freedom Objects
    Documents and Published Materials-Published Works
    Movement
    Abolitionist movement
    Type
    books
    Topic
    Antislavery
    Caricature and cartoons
    Literature
    Religion
    U.S. History, 1815-1861
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
    Object number
    2013.46.7
    Restrictions & Rights
    Public domain
    Usage
    CC0
    GUID
    http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd526702790-2126-48f2-8e2d-dd385122369b
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    Holy Bible

    Published by
    American Bible Society, American, founded 1816
    Owned by
    Collins, Richard, American, 1844 - 1918
    Subject of
    Collins, Kate Hunter, American, died 1910
    Date
    1869
    Medium
    ink on paper, leather covered cardboard, and ribbon
    Dimensions
    H x W x D (Closed-without ribbon): 2 1/2 × 6 7/16 × 8 3/8 in. (6.4 × 16.4 × 21.3 cm)
    H x W x D (Open-Flat): 2 × 14 1/8 × 8 3/8 in. (5.1 × 35.9 × 21.3 cm)
    H x W x D (Closed-with ribbon): 2 1/2 × 722 × 11 11/16 in. (6.4 × 1833.9 × 29.7 cm)
    H x W x D (Open-In Cradle): 3 1/4 × 13 1/2 × 8 3/8 in. (8.3 × 34.3 × 21.3 cm)
    Title
    Bible documenting the family and lineage of Richard Collins
    Description
    A printed copy of the Christian Bible printed in 1869, containing the family history of Richard Collins. Blank pages between the Old Testament and the New Testament are filled in with the marriage, birth, and death dates of various members of Collins's family, including his ancestors and his descendants. The information is written in ink and pencil by at least two different hands. The book has been rebound in a tooled leather-covered cardboard cover. A red satin ribbon page marker is attached at the top edge of the spine.
    Place used
    Alabama, United States, North and Central America
    Texas, United States, North and Central America
    California, United States, North and Central America
    Classification
    Slavery and Freedom Objects
    Documents and Published Materials-Published Works
    Religious and Sacred Objects
    Type
    Bibles
    Topic
    American South
    American West
    Caricature and cartoons
    Emancipation
    Families
    Freemasonry
    Identity
    Migrations
    Race relations
    Religion
    Slavery
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Richard Allen Collins-Diggs, Thanks Grandpa, Mom, Carlotta, Denise, Diane
    Object number
    2014.173
    Restrictions & Rights
    Public Domain
    Usage
    CC0
    GUID
    http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd520524b14-0cab-4286-a63c-31896cbbba15
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    School copy book used by Hannah Amelia Lyons

    Printed by
    Price, Philip Jr., American
    Used by
    Lyons, Hannah Amelia, American
    Date
    1830-1836
    On View
    Concourse 3, C3 053
    Exhibition
    Slavery and Freedom
    Medium
    ink on paper, string
    Dimensions
    H x W: 13 x 8 in. (33 x 20.3 cm)
    Caption
    Hannah A. Lions’s School Copy Book, 1831
    Attending school in Philadelphia, Hannah Lions copied down her math, history, and poetry lessons in this notebook. Her family saved this book as "proof that there were some educated [black] people way back when."
    Source: Nancy Bercaw, Curator, Slavery and Freedom
    Description
    A school copy book printed by Philip Price in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and used by Hannah Amelia Lyons. The book has paper covers bound on the proper left side. A length of knotted pink string extends from the top edge of the binding, serving as a bookmark. Several engravings are printed on the front and back covers. On the front cover is a portrait of John Adams entitled "Late President of the United States," above an allegorical scene and space for the owner to sign the book, followed by the printer's name. The back cover has an image of an eagle flying over open waters between two ships and clasping a banner reading "SHIPPED" in its beak. Below the eagle is a floral sprig on the left and a grouping of masonic symbols on the right, with a thin scrollwork border below them. Below the border is a shield with an eagle inside it holding a banner reading "E Pluribus Unum". Below the shield are two separate allegorical scenes. The interior pages contain various school exercises including mathematics and poetry.
    Place printed
    Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, North and Central America
    Classification
    Documents and Published Materials
    Slavery and Freedom Objects
    Type
    workbooks
    Topic
    Caricature and cartoons
    Children
    Education
    Free communities of color
    U.S. History, 1815-1861
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Hope Evans Boyd
    Object number
    2012.124.2
    Restrictions & Rights
    No Known Copyright Restrictions
    Usage
    CC0
    GUID
    http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd59de47c7b-7578-47eb-99eb-960f8ab39d57
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    Poems on Various Subjects Religious and Moral

    Written by
    Wheatley, Phillis, American, 1753 - 1784
    Illustrated by
    Moorhead, Scipio, ca. 1750 - unknown
    Published by
    Bell, Archibald, British
    Date
    1773
    Medium
    ink on paper with leather and wood
    Dimensions
    7 x 4 3/4 x 5/8 in. (17.8 x 12.1 x 1.6 cm)
    Description
    A first edition of the book Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral, by Phillis Wheatley, while she was enslaved to Mr. John Wheatley of Boston. The book has a brown leather cover, the original morocco spine label, and a frontispiece featuring a portrait of Wheatley by Scipio Morehead. Along the top of the portrait are the words [PHILLIS WHEATLEY, NEGRO SERVANT TO MR. JOHN WHEATLEY OF BOSTON]. The book also has the armorial bookplate of Daniel P. Griswold, a small circular ticket from the Library of George W. Brinely, as well as a larger one from Henry Weston Sackett.
    Place printed
    London, England, Europe
    Place depicted
    Boston, Massachusetts, United States, North and Central America
    Classification
    Slavery and Freedom Objects
    Documents and Published Materials-Published Works
    Type
    poems
    Topic
    Caricature and cartoons
    Poetry
    Slavery
    U.S. History, Colonial period, 1600-1775
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
    Object number
    2012.46.46
    Restrictions & Rights
    Public domain
    Usage
    CC0
    GUID
    http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd57a20ed82-d93b-4a37-884e-3109eedcd868
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    An Address Delivered Before a Meeting of the Members and Friends of the Pennsylvania Anti-Slavery Society During the Annual Fair

    Written by
    Furness, William Henry, American, 1802 - 1896
    Published by
    Merrihew & Thompson, Printers, American
    Subject of
    Pennsylvania Anti-Slavery Society, American, founded 1838
    Date
    1850
    Medium
    ink on paper (fiber product)
    Dimensions
    H x W: 8 5/8 × 5 1/2 in. (21.9 × 14 cm)
    Caption
    William Henry Furness was the Minister of the First Unitarian Church of Philadelphia and a prominent abolitionist whose home was used as a station on the Underground Railroad.
    Description
    Black ink on paper, printed copy of [An / Address / Delivered Before A Meeting / Of The / Members And Friends / Of The / Pennsylvania Anti-Slavery Society / During The Annual Fair / December 19, 1849 / By W.H. Furness.]. The publisher’s information can be found on the bottom of the cover page: [Philadelphia: Merrihew & Thompson, Printers, No. 7 Carter’s Alley. 1850.] The cover is a faded green paper and is worn around the edges. The address has 16 interior pages written in black ink on white paper.
    Place depicted
    Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, North and Central America
    Place printed
    Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, North and Central America
    Classification
    Documents and Published Materials
    Slavery and Freedom Objects
    Movement
    Anti-slavery movements
    Type
    sermons
    Topic
    Antislavery
    Caricature and cartoons
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
    Object number
    2010.59.12
    Restrictions & Rights
    Public Domain
    Usage
    CC0
    GUID
    http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd5387a50e2-9e9e-45e3-9f00-0fcd035242cf
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    Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave

    Written by
    Douglass, Frederick, American, 1818 - 1895
    Published by
    Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society, American, founded 1835
    Subject of
    Garrison, William Lloyd, American, 1805 - 1879
    Phillips, Wendell, American, 1811 - 1884
    Date
    1845
    On View
    Concourse 3, C3 053
    Exhibition
    Slavery and Freedom
    Medium
    ink on paper, cardboard
    Dimensions
    H x W x D: 7 x 4 1/2 x 5 in. (17.8 x 11.4 x 12.7 cm)
    H x W x D (open at 90 degrees): 7 × 5 × 4 7/8 in. (17.8 × 12.7 × 12.4 cm)
    H x W x D (open at 60 degrees): 7 × 5 × 4 1/4 in. (17.8 × 12.7 × 10.8 cm)
    Description
    A first edition copy of the memoir and antislavery book Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, Written by Himself. The hardcover book has a brown cover with an imprinted decorative border and scrollwork. The title is stamped in gold lettering in the center: [NARRATIVE OF THE LIFE / OF / FREDERICK DOUGLASS]. The frontispiece illustration is a portrait of Douglass, seated at a table, wearing jacket, vest, and tie, with his hands crossed in his lap. The first page prints the full title in alternating large and small type: [NARRATIVE / OF THE / LIFE / OF / FREDERICK DOUGLASS, / AN / AMERICAN SLAVE. / WRITTEN BY HIMSELF]. The last part of the title appears between two horizontal lines. At the bottom center is the publishing information: [BOSTON: / PUBLISHED AT THE ANTI-SLAVERY OFFICE, / No. 25 CORNHILL / 1845.]. The book has a preface written by William Lloyd Garrison and a prefatory letter by Wendell Phillips. There are 125 pages.
    Place printed
    Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, United States, North and Central America
    Classification
    Slavery and Freedom Objects
    Documents and Published Materials-Published Works
    Movement
    Abolitionist movement
    Type
    narratives
    hardcover books
    Topic
    Antislavery
    Caricature and cartoons
    Freedom
    Fugitive enslaved
    Identity
    Literature
    Men
    Resistance
    Self-liberation
    Slavery
    U.S. History, 1815-1861
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Elizabeth Cassell
    Object number
    2011.43.1
    Restrictions & Rights
    Public domain
    Usage
    CC0
    GUID
    http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd591fe36d9-f8c3-463c-9599-d71a955cbcaa
  • My Bondage and My Freedom

    Written by
    Douglass, Frederick, American, 1818 - 1895
    Published by
    Miller, Orton & Co.
    Subject of
    Smith, Gerrit, American, 1794 - 1874
    Date
    1857
    On View
    Concourse 3, C3 053
    Exhibition
    Slavery and Freedom
    Medium
    ink on paper, cardboard, leather
    Dimensions
    H x W x D: 7 1/2 x 5 1/2 x 1 3/4 in. (19.1 x 14 x 4.4 cm)
    H x W x D (IN SPECIALLY MADE STAND): 5 1/8 × 7 5/16 × 7 1/2 in. (13 × 18.6 × 19.1 cm)
    Description
    Hardcover book entitled "My Bondage and My Freedom" with an illustration of Frederick Douglass as frontispiece. This slave narrative is dedicated to Gerrit Smith.
    Place printed
    New York City, New York, United States, North and Central America
    Classification
    Slavery and Freedom Objects
    Documents and Published Materials-Published Works
    Movement
    Abolitionist movement
    Type
    narratives
    hardcover books
    Topic
    Antislavery
    Caricature and cartoons
    Identity
    Literature
    Slavery
    Social reform
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Elizabeth Cassell
    Object number
    2011.43.2
    Restrictions & Rights
    Public domain
    Usage
    CC0
    GUID
    http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd5915f35e6-54ba-421e-915c-0c65b5491aa1
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    American Anti-Slavery Almanac Vol. II, No. I

    Published by
    Benedict, S. W., American
    Subject of
    American Anti-Slavery Society, American, 1833 - 1870
    Date
    1842
    On View
    Community/Third Floor, 3 050
    Exhibition
    Making a Way Out of No Way
    Medium
    ink on paper
    Dimensions
    H x W: 7 3/8 x 4 5/8 in. (18.7 x 11.7 cm)
    Description
    American Anti-Slavery Almanac for 1842 published by S. W. Benedict. The almanac is printed on off white paper in black ink. Printed below the title is “CALCULATED FOR THE HORIZON AND MERIDIAN OF BOSTON, NEW YORK, / BALTIMORE, AND CHARLESTON: AND FOR USE IN / EVERY PART OF THE COUNTRY.” An engraved image is at center. The image portrays a Caucasian woman holding a book up in her left hand. A burst of light is behind her. Men, women and children are around her watching. A ship and a building being constructed are in the background. The interior pages feature astronomical information, calendars and weather forecasts. Printed on the back is an article titled "Principles of Christian Fellowship" and a short parable titled "What has become of that Leather?"
    Transcription Center Status
    Transcribed by digital volunteers
    Place printed
    Brooklyn, New York City, New York, United States, North and Central America
    Classification
    Slavery and Freedom Objects
    Documents and Published Materials-Published Works
    Movement
    Abolitionist movement
    Type
    almanacs
    Topic
    Activism
    Antislavery
    Caricature and cartoons
    Communication
    Literature
    Mass media
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
    Object number
    2010.1.12
    Restrictions & Rights
    Public Domain
    Usage
    CC0
    GUID
    http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd58d149d38-763c-4665-8beb-ebc3b63e6c97
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    National Anti-Slavery Standard Vol. XX, No. 19

    Created by
    National Anti-Slavery Standard, American, 1840 - 1870
    Published by
    American Anti-Slavery Society, American, 1833 - 1870
    Date
    September 24, 1859
    Medium
    ink on newsprint
    Dimensions
    H x W: 26 x 18 3/4 in. (66 x 47.6 cm)
    Description
    A copy of the National Anti-Slavery Standard newspaper, Volume 20, Number 19. The newspaper is printed on off white newsprint with black ink. Printed in large ornate text on the masthead is “National Anti-Slavery Standard.” The volume number, date and whole number are printed below the title. Contact information for the American Anti-Slavery society is printed in the top left corner. The first article is a dedication to a speech by Senator Charles Sumner titled “THE RESULTS OF NEGRO EMANCIPATION.” The Edges of the newspaper are torn.
    Place printed
    Manhattan, New York City, New York, United States, North and Central America
    Classification
    Slavery and Freedom Objects
    Documents and Published Materials-Published Works
    Movement
    Abolitionist movement
    Type
    newspapers
    Topic
    Antislavery
    Caricature and cartoons
    Journalism
    Mass media
    Resistance
    Self-liberation
    Social reform
    Societies
    U.S. History, 1815-1861
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
    Object number
    2010.1.298.34
    Restrictions & Rights
    Public domain
    Usage
    CC0
    GUID
    http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd5ef76d61e-276c-44a9-ad37-65938ddc2d42
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    The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African

    Written by
    Equiano, Olaudah, 1745 - 1797
    Published by
    Knapp, Isaac, American, 1808 - 1858
    Owned by
    West, Mary J., American
    Date
    1789; republished 1837
    Medium
    ink on paper, leather
    Dimensions
    H x W x D: 7 × 4 1/2 × 1 1/8 in. (17.8 × 11.5 × 2.8 cm)
    H x W x D (open at 90 degrees): 7 × 4 1/2 × 5 in. (17.8 × 11.4 × 12.7 cm)
    Description
    A hardcover book titled The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African written by Eqiano Olaudah. The book has a brown leather cover with gold colored lettering. A paper dust jacket with "Gustavus Vassa" on the front surrounds the leather cover. There are inscriptions on the front pastedown endpaper and the front endpaper. The book has 294 pages.
    Place printed
    Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, United States, North and Central America
    Place depicted
    West Africa, Africa
    England, Europe
    Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, North and Central America
    West Indies, Caribbean, North and Central America
    Classification
    Slavery and Freedom Objects
    Documents and Published Materials-Published Works
    Type
    books
    narratives
    Topic
    Africa
    Emancipation
    Literature
    Men
    Middle Passage
    Religious groups
    Slavery
    Spirituality
    Trans Atlantic slave trade
    U.S. History, 1815-1861
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of William E. West, Sr. and Family
    Object number
    2014.44
    Restrictions & Rights
    Public Domain
    Usage
    CC0
    GUID
    http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd590f81561-b437-40c1-8a0b-4b80a76ab2bc
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    The Portuguese slaver Diligenté captured by H.M. Sloop Pearl with 600 slaves on board, taken in charge to Nassau

    Created by
    Lieutenant Hawker, Henry Samuel, English, 1816 - 1889
    Date
    May 1838
    Medium
    watercolor on paper (fiber product)
    Dimensions
    H x W: 11 3/8 x 17 1/8 in. (28.9 x 43.5 cm)
    Caption
    The slave ship Diligente was engaged in the illegal slave trade when it was seized in 1838. A lieutenant in the British Royal Navy painted this scene from the ship. He captured the trauma of the Middle Passage in images of malnutrition and overcrowding.
    Source: Nancy Bercaw, Curator, Slavery and Freedom
    Description
    A watercolor painting of a slave ship showing five crew members with multiple enslaved persons crowded on the weather deck. A Portuguese flag flies from the ship and the sketched outline of another ship is visible in the background.
    Place depicted
    Jamaica, Caribbean, North and Central America
    Portugal, Europe
    Nassau, Bahamas, Caribbean, North and Central America
    Classification
    Visual Arts
    Slavery and Freedom Objects
    Type
    watercolors
    Topic
    Africa
    Art
    Law
    Military
    Slavery
    Trans Atlantic slave trade
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
    Object number
    2010.21.2ab
    Restrictions & Rights
    Public domain
    Usage
    CC0
    GUID
    http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd5320730ca-6bd4-41e9-ac93-5ccf375e79ad
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    Portrait of John Westwood

    Created by
    Johnson, Joshua, American, ca. 1763 - after 1832
    Subject of
    Westwood, John, American
    Date
    ca. 1807-1808
    On View
    Culture/Fourth Floor, 4 052
    Exhibition
    Visual Art and the American Experience
    Medium
    oil paint on canvas , wood
    Dimensions
    H x W x D (framed): 38 3/16 × 33 1/4 × 2 1/2 in. (97 × 84.4 × 6.4 cm)
    H x W (unframed): 30 1/4 × 25 1/4 in. (76.8 × 64.1 cm)
    Description
    An oil painting portrait of John Westwood, painted in conventional English portrait style of formal, bust-length pose and arranged backdrop. It depicts a half-length male figure wearing a brown coat with silver buttons and white waistcoat against a dark background. The figure is clean shaven with short brown hair, and is encircled by a faux oval frame. Painted as part of the composition, the oval frame is slightly lighter in color than the background. The painting is framed in a dark wood frame.
    Place made
    Baltimore, Maryland, United States, North and Central America
    Classification
    Visual Arts
    Slavery and Freedom Objects
    Type
    oil paintings
    portraits
    Topic
    American South
    Art
    Free communities of color
    Men
    U.S. History, 1783-1815
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
    Object number
    2010.25ab
    Restrictions & Rights
    Public domain
    Usage
    CC0
    GUID
    http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd57c77b443-b51b-4326-bc39-39b8f67b1ce5
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    Servants at a Pump

    Created by
    Calyo, Nicolino, Italian American, 1799 - 1884
    Subject of
    Unidentified Man or Men
    Unidentified Woman or Women
    Unidentified Child or Children
    Date
    ca. 1840
    Medium
    oil paint on canvas , wood
    Dimensions
    H x W (unframed): 24 × 20 in. (61 × 50.8 cm)
    H x W x D (framed): 30 3/16 × 26 × 3 3/8 in. (76.6 × 66 × 8.5 cm)
    Description
    This oil painting depicts seven individuals gathered around a water pump. From left to right these figures include: a young boy working the pump handle wearing brown pants and jacket with a blue shirt, a woman seated on a basket of laundry, wearing a pink dress and white head wrap, a man with his right leg propped up on the edge of the basin in a wide brimmed straw hat, a kneeling youth in a red shirt drinking from the pump's spout, a woman carrying a bucket, a man carrying a basket of peaches over his left arm and several dead fowl in his right hand, and a woman holding a baby and a green parasol. A black dog lies on the ground behind her. All individuals except the woman and baby are on a square pavement of red brick. The water pump sits in the middle of the pavement surrounded by a low walled, rectangular basin. The pump is a rectangular stone pillar topped with a small dome. A spout protrudes from halfway up the pillar, and the pump handle is a lever that protrudes from the adjacent pillar side. Water flows out the spout into the basin below. In the background is a landscape of trees on either side of a wide street with a few buildings in the distance. On the right is a white house with a green door and shutters, and a fanlight over the entrance. In the distance are two other white buildings, one on the left with a colonnade and a tall steeple, and a much smaller one across from it on the right with a cupola. There are a several indistinct figures walking and riding down the street.
    Place depicted
    Weeksville, Brooklyn, New York City, New York, United States, North and Central America
    Classification
    Visual Arts
    Slavery and Freedom Objects
    Type
    oil paintings
    Topic
    Art
    Children
    Communities
    Free communities of color
    Men
    Women
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
    Object number
    2010.5ab
    Restrictions & Rights
    Public domain
    Usage
    CC0
    GUID
    http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd5cf4c3a96-02bb-4c72-95b6-7920358eebb8
  • Confederate States of America $100 Bond and Coupons

    Printed by
    Archer & Daly, American, 1861 - 1864
    Subject of
    Confederate States of America, 1861 - 1865
    Date
    1863
    Medium
    ink on paper
    Dimensions
    H x W: 14 × 13 7/8 in. (35.6 × 35.2 cm)
    Description
    Confederate States of America $100 Bond and Coupons. The top section of the bond is encased in a border with scroll work designs at each corner. Below the scroll work is the number [100] in its own rectangle with scroll designs. The top of the Bond has the inscription, [Seven Per Cent. February 20th 1863.] This is followed by bold lettering of the tile of the bond, [Confederate States of America Loan. / AUTHORIZED BY THE ACT OF CONGRESS / C.S.A. OF FEBRUARY 20TH 1863.] In the center of the sentence is an illustration Confederate officer on the Rappahannock River west of Fredericksburg. The identifying number of the bond follows on both sides of the illustration, [No. / 29348 / No. / 29348]. A paragraph follows outlining the terms of the loan. The paragraph underneath outlines the job of the witnesses, and three signatures below, [Entered RBS], [Received JJW], [C T Jones / Acting Register of the Treasury.] In between the signatures is a small illustration of a steam boat on a river. The printers are identified below the signatures surrounding the illustration, [Archer & Daly / Richmond, Va.].
    The bottom half is covered with what should be eight coupons but the bottom right one has been removed. Each coupon reads, [C.S. Loan Feby. 20th 1863. / The Confederate States of America / Will pay to bearer THREE 50/100 DOLLARS / for SIX MONTHS INTEREST due July 1st 1868 / on Bond No. 29348 for $100.] The bottom is signed by [M C Morton for Regr. of Treasr.].
    Place made
    Richmond, Virginia, United States, North and Central America
    Classification
    Slavery and Freedom Objects
    Documents and Published Materials-Business and Legal Documents
    Type
    money
    bonds (legal records)
    Topic
    American South
    Commerce
    Government
    Slavery
    U.S. History, Civil War, 1861-1865
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
    Object number
    2017.108.11.1
    Restrictions & Rights
    No Known Copyright Restrictions
    Usage
    Not determined
    GUID
    http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd53b40e879-a08f-45e6-91f6-7a9efe3b2148
  • Confederate States of America $1000 Bond and Coupons

    Printed by
    Geo. Dunn & Co, American
    Subject of
    Confederate States of America, 1861 - 1865
    Date
    1863
    Medium
    ink on paper
    Dimensions
    H x W: 13 9/16 × 14 in. (34.4 × 35.6 cm)
    Description
    Confederate States of America $1000 Bond and Coupons. The top section of the bond is encased in a border with scroll work designs at each corner. The top two corners have the words, [ONE THOUSAND DOLLARS] arching across the corner. Text is written vertically in the border on both sides, on the left, [SIX PER CENT], and on the right [Act, March 25TH, 1863]. The bottom corners of the border of a circle with the letter [M] in the center surrounded by the words, [ONE THOUSAND / DOLLARS]. In bold lettering in the center title reads, [Confederate / STATES OF AMERICA.] On either side is the identifying number, [No. 9228.] Under the title is an illustration of the Richmond Customs House. Below the image is the words, [LOAN AUTHROIZED BY Act of Congress. C.S.A. OF MARCH 23d., 1863.] A paragraph follows outlining the terms of the loan. The paragraph underneath outlines the job of the witnesses, and three signatures below, [Entered RBS], [Received JJW], [C A Rose / [illegible] Register of the Treasury.] The printers have a manufacturing label on the bottom right, [Engd by Geo. Dunn & Co. Richmond, Va.].
    The bottom half is covered with what should be eight coupons but the bottom right two has been removed. Each coupon reads, [C.S. Loan March 23rd 1863. / The Confederate States of America / Will pay to bearer the sum of THIRTY DOLLARS. / For Six Months Interest due April 1st 1867 / on Bond No. 9228 for $1,000]. The bottom is signed by [For Register of the Treasury J G Shurman].
    Place printed
    Richmond, Virginia, United States, North and Central America
    Classification
    Slavery and Freedom Objects
    Documents and Published Materials-Business and Legal Documents
    Type
    money
    bonds (legal records)
    Topic
    American South
    Commerce
    Government
    Slavery
    U.S. History, Civil War, 1861-1865
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
    Object number
    2017.108.11.2
    Restrictions & Rights
    No Known Copyright Restrictions
    Usage
    Not determined
    GUID
    http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd5357ac61c-7e8c-496e-9405-de38f529a6b3

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