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CC0
Batouala
- Published by
- Thomas Seltzer Inc., 1919 - 1926
- Written by
- Maran, René, French Guyanese, 1887 - 1960
- Date
- 1922
- Medium
- ink on paper
- Dimensions
- H x W x D: 7 5/8 × 5 1/4 × 1 3/8 in. (19.4 × 13.3 × 3.5 cm)
- Caption
- Batouala paints a stunning portrait of the lives of an African tribe and the detrimental effects of the French regime on the tribe’s society. When René Maran, a French-Guyanese poet and novelist, published his debut novel, Batouala, in 1921, he did so with the intention of criticizing the French regime and their presence in Africa, but its effects were far more profound than expected. He would become the first novelist of African descent to be awarded the French Prix Goncourt, which at the time was the highest literary honor that a French author could receive. Various French critics expressed outrage about his award. Most expressed frustration with the idea that Maran was a black man challenging the status quo.
- Description
- A first edition of the novel Batouala by René Maran. The green hardcover book has gold lettering [BATOUALA / by / RENÉ / MARAN] in the top right corner. The interior of the book contains 207 pages of text. The back interior page has an inscription, by hand in pencil that reads: [2 /134]. The back of the cover is blank. The novel tells the story of Batoula, the leader, or mokoundji, of a small tribe of Bandas living in Gabon under French colonial rule during World War I. The book provides a study of Banda folklore and daily tribal life under an oppressive regime.
- Place depicted
- Gabon, Central Africa, Africa
- Cultural Place
- France, Europe
- Classification
- Documents and Published Materials-Published Works
- Type
- hardcover books
- Topic
- Africa
- African diaspora
- Colonialism
- Decolonization
- Folklife
- French colonialism
- Literature
- World War I
- Credit Line
- Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
- Object number
- 2018.65
- Restrictions & Rights
- Public domain
-
The Crisis, Vol. 16, No. 2
- Edited by
- W.E.B. Du Bois, American, 1868 - 1963
- Subject of
- The Crisis, American, founded 1910
- National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, American, founded 1909
- Attributed to
- Jones, Robert Edmond, American, 1887 - 1954
- Subject of
- Judge Terrell, Robert Herberton, American, 1857 - 1925
- Written by
- Col. Young, Charles, American, 1864 - 1922
- Subject of
- Gen. Ballou, Charles Clarendon, American, 1862 - 1928
- Written by
- Baker, Newton D., American, 1871 - 1937
- Cotter, Joseph Seamon Sr., American, 1861 - 1949
- Johnson, Fenton, American, 1888 - 1958
- Date
- June 1918
- Medium
- ink on paper with metal
- Dimensions
- H x W: 9 5/8 × 6 7/8 in. (24.4 × 17.5 cm)
- H x W (Open): 9 5/8 × 13 5/8 in. (24.4 × 34.6 cm)
- Description
- June 1918 issue of The Crisis Magazine.
- The front cover of the magazine is printed in blue, red and brown and features a full page illustration of a soldier holding a rifle. There are red and blue vertical stripes either side of the soldier, and a blue circle behind him. There is blue text at the top of the cover which reads [The CRISIS / JUNE 1918 / SOLDIERS / NUMBER]. There are some small tears on the front cover. There are staples on the spine, which is tearing in several places. The back cover of the magazine is printed in blue and features an advertisement for “Beauty for Women” with Kashmir Chemical Co., and information about advertising rates for the magazine.
- The issue is military themed. The interior contents include [PICTURES] listed as [COVER: After the poster painted by Robert Edmund Jones for the Circle for Negro War Relief. / JUDGE TERRELL / THE LATE MAJOR WALKER / NEGRO OFFICERS / NEGRO SOLDIERS], [ARTICLES] listed as [A LETTER FROM GENERAL BALLOU / A LOST DIALOGUE OF PLATO. By John D. Swain / A SONNET TO NEGRO SOLIDERS. A Poem. By Joseph Seaman Cotter / WAR PROFILES. By Fenton Johnson], and [DEPARTMENTS] listed as [EDITORIAL / THE LOOKING GLASS / NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE / THE HORIZON]. The "Editorial" section begins with a message to Du Bois from the Secretary of War, Newton D. Baker, which is followed by an editorial titled "Comrade to Comrade" by Col. Charles Young. "The Looking Glass" section has a photograph and story of "Colored Teachers of Principal Reid's School" in Wilson, North Carolina where the entire staff resigned in protest after a teacher was slapped by the white superintendent. Several sections have articles about a federal anti-lynching bill. There are advertisements, photographs, and illustrations throughout.
- There are approximately 50 pages.
- Place printed
- New York City, New York, United States, North and Central America
- Place depicted
- France, Europe
- Wilson, Wilson County, North Carolina, United States, North and Central America
- Classification
- Documents and Published Materials-Published Works
- Movement
- Anti-Lynching Movement
- Topic
- Advertising
- Associations and institutions
- Business
- Civil rights
- Education
- Law
- Literature
- Lynching
- Mass media
- Military
- Poetry
- Race relations
- Social life and customs
- Social reform
- U.S. History, 1865-1921
- World War I
- Credit Line
- Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
- Object number
- 2015.97.15.7
- Restrictions & Rights
- Public domain
-
The Crisis, Vol. 14, No. 1
- Edited by
- W.E.B. Du Bois, American, 1868 - 1963
- Subject of
- The Crisis, American, founded 1910
- National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, American, founded 1909
- Written by
- Johnson, Georgia Douglas, American, 1880 - 1966
- Fauset, Jessie Redmon, American, 1882 - 1961
- Date
- May 1917
- Medium
- ink on paper with metal
- Dimensions
- H x W: 10 × 6 3/4 in. (25.4 × 17.1 cm)
- H x W (Open): 10 × 13 1/2 in. (25.4 × 34.3 cm)
- Description
- May 1917 issue of The Crisis Magazine.
- The cover is printed in black and features an illustration of a young woman with a large feather in her hair, standing next to a large vase of flowers sitting on a small table. The printing is cropped closely along the edge of the illustration and set against a plain white background. At top right is printed [THE / MAY / CRISIS / 1917]. The back cover of the magazine features a full page advertisement for [THE CRISIS Book Mart].
- The interior contents include [PICTURES], listed as [COVER. / FRENCH AFRICAN TROOPS / FROM BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS]; [ARTICLES] listed as ["THERE WAS ONE TIME." A Story. By Jessie Fauset/ THE MAN WHO NEVER SOLD AN ACRE. By J.B. Woods / A SONNET. By G. Douglas Johnson] and [DEPARTMENTS], listed as [EDITORIAL / NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE / THE OUTER POCKET / THE LOOKING GLASS / MEN OF THE MONTH / THE HORIZON]. The Editorial section includes missives titled "The World Last Month," about the war, "Loyalty," "The Migration," about African American laborers moving from the South, "A Moral Void," "Register and Vote," and "The White Church." There are advertisements, photographs and illustrations throughout.
- There are approximately 50 pages.
- Place printed
- New York City, New York, United States, North and Central America
- Place depicted
- France, Europe
- Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, United States, North and Central America
- Classification
- Documents and Published Materials-Published Works
- Topic
- Advertising
- Associations and institutions
- Business
- Civil rights
- Education
- Great Migration
- International affairs
- Literature
- Mass media
- Poetry
- Race relations
- Religion
- Social life and customs
- Social reform
- U.S. History, 1865-1921
- World War I
- Credit Line
- Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
- Object number
- 2015.97.15.2
- Restrictions & Rights
- Public domain
-
The Crisis, Vol. 14, No. 4
- Edited by
- W.E.B. Du Bois, American, 1868 - 1963
- Subject of
- The Crisis, American, founded 1910
- National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, American, founded 1909
- Persons, Ell, American, died 1917
- Douglass, Frederick, American, 1818 - 1895
- Illustrated by
- Farrow, William McKnight, American, 1885 - 1967
- Written by
- Talbert, Mary Burnett, American, 1866 - 1923
- Watkins, Lucian B., American, 1878 - 1920
- Johnson, Georgia Douglas, American, 1880 - 1966
- Date
- August 1917
- Medium
- ink on paper with metal
- Dimensions
- H x W: 10 × 6 3/4 in. (25.4 × 17.1 cm)
- H x W (Open): 10 × 13 1/2 in. (25.4 × 34.3 cm)
- Description
- August 1917 issue of The Crisis Magazine.
- The front cover features a color, full page, art nouveau style design with an illustration of a young man and a young woman in front of a landscape with a lake or river inset into a circle and flanked by vines with leaves and grapes. At top is [THE CRISIS] and set into the design below the illustration is [VACATION / NUMBER / AUGUST, 1917: 10 CENTS A COPY]. [W.M. FARROW] is set into the bottom center of the design.
- The interior contents consist of [PICTURES] listed as [COVER. / SCENES FROM IDLEWILD / SHADOWS OF LIGHT / MEN OF THE MONTH], [ARTICLES] listed as [CONCERNING THE FREDERICK DOUGLASS MEMORIAL. By Mary B. Talbert / IDLEWILD / THE BEST SUMMER I EVER SPENT. By H.H. Thweatt / THREE POEMS By Lucian B. Watkins / LAUGHING IN AND OUT. A Poem. By Edward Ide / "GRAY EYES." A Story. By "Jack Howard." Part II / TEARS AND KISSES. A Poem. By G. Douglas Johnson] and [DEPARTMENTS] listed as [EDITORIAL / THE LOOKING GLASS / NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE / MEN OF THE MONTH / THE HORIZON]. The Editorial section includes articles titled "The World Last Month," "Roosevelt," "The Present," and "Team Work," among others. The "Through the Looking Glass" department has several pages devoted to an article titled [THE RIOT IN EAST ST. LOUIS]. The photographs in the "Shadows of Light" section include several images of South African laborers in France, sports teams, and military photographs from the war. The NAACP consists of an article titled [THE LYNCHING AT MEMPHIS] about the lynching of Ell Persons. The feature article is about Idlewild, a vacation resort in Michigan. There are advertisements, photographs, and illustrations throughout.
- There are approximately 50 pages.
- Place printed
- New York City, New York, United States, North and Central America
- Place depicted
- France, Europe
- South Africa, Southern Africa, Africa
- East Saint Louis, St. Clair County, Illinois, United States, North and Central America
- Memphis, Shelby County, Tennessee, United States, North and Central America
- Idlewild, Lake County, Michigan, United States, North and Central America
- Anacostia, Washington, District of Columbia, United States, North and Central America
- Classification
- Documents and Published Materials-Published Works
- Movement
- Anti-Lynching Movement
- Topic
- Advertising
- Associations and institutions
- British colonialism
- Business
- Civil rights
- Colonialism
- Education
- Labor
- Literature
- Lynching
- Mass media
- Military
- Poetry
- Race relations
- Race riots
- Recreation
- Social life and customs
- Social reform
- Travel
- U.S. History, 1865-1921
- World War I
- Credit Line
- Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
- Object number
- 2015.97.15.4
- Restrictions & Rights
- Public domain
-
Michael Holman Family Home Movie #29
- Created by
- Wood, Pauline Thompson, American, born 1901
- Subject of
- Holman, Linda, American, born 1953
- Holman, Michael, American, born 1955
- Owned by
- Holman, Michael, American, born 1955
- Date
- 1957-1958
- Medium
- 8mm Film (a): acetate film;
- Film Reel (b): metal;
- Film Can (c): metal
- Dimensions
- Duration: 22 Minutes
- Length (Film): 300 Feet
- Title
- 8mm motion picture film of Michael Holman Family Home Movie #29
- Caption
- This film is from a collection of home movies filmed by the family of Michael Holman, an important figure in the history of hip hop. The collection predominately contains family vacation footage shot when Holman's father, Lt. Thomas Holman, was stationed in Europe with the US Army. Most of the footage was captured by Holman's grandmother, Pauline Thompson Wood. In addition to the European vacation films, the footage shot by Pauline Wood documents her involvement with the Baha'i Faith and includes footage of Baha'i events and pilgrimages to holy sites in Israel and Palestine. There is also footage of the family at home in San Francisco and other sites in California.
- Description
- This film is from a collection of home movies filmed by the family of Michael Holman, an important figure in the history of hip hop.
- Consists of: 8mm Film (a), Original Film Reel (b), and Original Film Can (c).
- 2016.31.3.29.1a: 8mm film. The film begins with a series of shots depicting street life during an unidentified festival and parade [Possibly Bastille Day] in an unidentified location in France. A child, Linda Holman, wearing a white dress and white cap The Holman children can be seen in some of the shots. The next series of shots depicts the ferry ride from Calais, France to Dover, England. This is followed by a sequence of shots depicting street life on Gloucester Road in the Kensington borough of London. There are multiple shots of the Montana Hotel, as well as shots of locals going about their day. A long section of leader follows before a new reel starts.
- The second reel begins with a group of people outside a home in an unidentified location smiling and walking towards the camera. Alice Holman appears on the left of the group wearing a grey top and a blue skirt. A young Linda Holman wears a red sweater and white bows in her hair. The next series of shots depict religious festivies festivities in an unidentified French town near Limoges [Possibly Poitiers]. Long lines of children dressed in white enter a church. There are also shots of the ceremony inside the church and various locals posing for the camera. The Holman childrens can be seen in several of the shots. Linda Holman wears a white dress and Michael Holman wears red overall shorts with a white shirt. The reel concludes with the children in white walking through the streets of the town. A long section of leader follows before the next reel starts.
- The third reel begins with a series of shots depicting The Old Curiosity Shop in London and the Lancaster Castle. This is followed by a brief series of shots depicting the ferry journey from Dover to Calais. The reel concludes with a sequence of tourist sites and street life in Paris. A long section of leader follows before the next reel starts.
- The fourth and final reel is a long series of shots depicting tourist sites and street life in London. The longest section of shots shows the changing of the guard and other military proceedings at Buckingham Palace.
- 2016.31.3.29.1b: Original film reel.
- 2016.31.3.29.1c: Original film can. Tape labels with content notes.
- Place depicted
- Limousin, France, Europe
- Paris, France"&op=Search">Île-de-France, France, Europe
- Calais, Aquitaine, France, Europe
- Dover, Kent, England, Europe
- London, England, Europe
- Lancaster, Lancashire, England, Europe
- Collection title
- Michael Holman Family Collection
- Classification
- Media Arts-Film and Video
- Topic
- Families
- Film
- Religion
- Social life and customs
- Travel
- Credit Line
- Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
- Object number
- 2016.31.3.29.1abc
- Restrictions & Rights
- © Michael Holman
-
Michael Holman Family Home Movie #4
- Created by
- Lt. Thomas Holman, American, born 1926
- Owned by
- Holman, Michael, American, born 1955
- Subject of
- Wood, Pauline Thompson, American, born 1901
- Holman, Alice, American, 1927 - 2009
- Lt. Thomas Holman, American, born 1926
- Holman, Michael, American, born 1955
- Holman, Linda, American, born 1953
- Date
- 1957-1958
- Medium
- 8mm Film (a): acetate film;
- Film Reel (b): plastic;
- Film Box (c): cardboard
- Dimensions
- Duration: 3 Minutes
- Length (Film): 50 Feet
- Title
- 8mm motion picture film of Michael Holman Family Home Movie #4
- Caption
- This film is from a collection of home movies filmed by the family of Michael Holman, an important figure in the history of hip hop. The collection predominately contains family vacation footage shot when Holman's father, Lt. Thomas Holman, was stationed in Europe with the US Army. Most of the footage was captured by Holman's grandmother, Pauline Thompson Wood. In addition to the European vacation films, the footage shot by Pauline Wood documents her involvement with the Baha'i Faith and includes footage of Baha'i events and pilgrimages to holy sites in Israel and Palestine. There is also footage of the family at home in San Francisco and other sites in California.
- Description
- This film is from a collection of home movies filmed by the family of Michael Holman, an important figure in the history of hip hop.
- Consists of: 8mm Film (a), Original Film Reel (b), and Original Film Box (c).
- 2016.31.3.4.1a: 8mm film. The film begins with several shots depicting Twann (Douanne), Switzerland. These are followed by shots of mountains taken from a moving vehicle. Next, there is a series of shots of street scenes in at least one unidentified town in Germany, as well as several street scenes in Heidelberg. A quick shot of three women walking together shows Pauline Thompson Wood on the left wearing a grey coat with toggles and Alice Holman in the middle wearing a grey jacket and white gloves. This shot precedes several shots of an unidentified historic building. This is followed by wide shots from a high vantage point overlooking an unidentified town along a river. Street scenes in France are shown before the camera depicts an American soldier speaking with a French local. Next, several shots show American military families at a train station with their luggage. Thomas Holman is wearing a military uniform and stands to the right of Alice Holman, who is wearing a beige overcoat as they prepare to board the train. The next shot shows Michael Holman and Linda Holman with their parents on the platform. Michael is wearing a red cap and Linda Holman is wearing a beige coat. This is f followed by shots of the families sitting in front of a bar, and Linda Holman standing on the steps of the bar wearing a blue sweater and holding her coat. In one of the shots, the Holman children hold hands with a friend and pose for the camera. Michael Holman stands on the left wearing a black and white striped sweater and Linda Holman stands on the right wearing a red sweater. The subsequent shots depict American soldiers embarking on a ship in Livorno (Leghorn), Italy, as well as several shots on the ship. The film concludes with shots of an unidentified womanAlice Holman wearing a white headscarf and beige overcoat, smiling at the camera on the deck of a ship.
- 2016.31.3.4.1b: Original film reel.
- 2016.31.3.4.1c: Original film box. Standard yellow Kodak 8mm film box with handwritten mailing addresses for processing film in Europe.
- Place depicted
- Twann, Bern, Switzerland, Europe
- Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany, Europe
- Livorno, Livorno, Italy, Europe
- France, Europe
- Collection title
- Michael Holman Family Collection
- Classification
- Media Arts-Film and Video
- Topic
- Families
- Film
- Military
- Travel
- Credit Line
- Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
- Object number
- 2016.31.3.4.1abc
- Restrictions & Rights
- © Michael Holman
-
Untitled (Abstraction)
- Created by
- Delaney, Beauford, American, 1901 - 1979
- Date
- 1964
- On ViewCulture/Fourth Floor, 4 052
- Exhibition
- Visual Art and the American Experience
- Medium
- oil on linen
- Dimensions
- H x W: 16 1/8 × 13 × 3/4 in. (41 × 33 × 1.9 cm)
- H x W x D (with frame): 22 1/2 × 19 1/8 × 1 1/2 in. (57.2 × 48.6 × 3.8 cm)
- Description
- This is an abstract oil painting done in colors of primarily yellow and orange-pink against an off-white background. The paint is laid on the canvas in thick textured clumps. The reverse is signed and dated by the artist and inscribed "Paris" in oil.
- Classification
- Visual Arts
- Type
- oil paintings
- Topic
- Art
- Credit Line
- Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
- Object number
- 2014.233.1
- Restrictions & Rights
- © Estate of Beauford Delaney. Permission required for use.
-
Château d’Olhain
- Created by
- Jones, Loïs Mailou, American, 1905 - 1998
- Date
- 1947
- On ViewCulture/Fourth Floor, 4 052
- Exhibition
- Visual Art and the American Experience
- Medium
- oil on canvas
- Dimensions
- H x W (unframed): 18 × 22 in. (45.7 × 55.9 cm)
- H x W x D (framed): 23 1/2 × 27 1/2 × 1 1/4 in. (59.7 × 69.9 × 3.2 cm)
- Description
- An impressionistic landscape painting of a 15th century French castle, Château d'Olhain, located near Calais in the north of France. This picturesque castle, with its bright orange-hued roof and stone walls, is positioned in the midst of a lake, which Jones depicts through shimmering reflection in the surrounding waters. Although the castle keep dominates the canvas, it is depicted off-center and to the right. The foreground focuses on a simple fence bordering the lake, and a dirt path leading to the castle's bailey (enclosed courtyard) and other ancillary buildings, possibly stables, located behind the castle. At center left, a person walks towards the village, their back to the viewer. The sky is a pale blue punctuated with a few fluffy white clouds. The canvas is signed by the artist in the lower-right hand corner, [Lois M/ Jones/ France/ 1947.].
- Place depicted
- Château d'Olhain, Fresnicourt-le-Dolmen, Pas-de-Calais, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France, Europe
- Classification
- Visual Arts
- Type
- oil paintings
- Credit Line
- Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of the Dr. Gregory L. Shannon Family, Courtesy of Lois Mailou Jones Pierre-Noel Trust
- Object number
- 2015.111
- Restrictions & Rights
- © Lois Mailou Jones Pierre-Noel Trust
-
The Big Egg
- Created by
- Clark, Ed, American, 1926 - 2019
- Date
- 1968
- On ViewCulture/Fourth Floor, 4 052
- Exhibition
- Visual Art and the American Experience
- Medium
- mixed media on canvas
- Dimensions
- H x W: 64 1/4 × 81 1/2 in. (163.2 × 207 cm)
- Description
- Oval-shaped abstract mixed media painting with large horizontal brush strokes and three fields of color. The canvas, shaped like a horizontal ellipse, is covered by three main fields of color: orange-red, at top, blue-green in the middle, and pink at bottom. There is a single streak of white partway across the orange field. Encroaching onto the orange field is a spray and spatter of blue-green paint. There is a darker orange shadow behind the spray. The blue-green field brightens gradually to a more blue-based color as it nears the bottom. At the very bottom of the painting is a narrow streak of pink.
- Place made
- Vétheuil, Val-d'Oise, France, Europe
- Portfolio/Series
- Vétheuil Series
- Classification
- Visual Arts
- Type
- acrylic paintings
- Credit Line
- Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
- Object number
- 2013.125abc
- Restrictions & Rights
- © Ed Clark
-
CC0
Virginia Herald Vol. XVIII No. 1386
- Published by
- The Virginia Herald, American, 1787 - 1876
- Date
- November 30, 1804
- Medium
- ink on newsprint
- Dimensions
- H x W (page): 17 x 10 1/2 in. (43.2 x 26.7 cm)
- Description
- Two newspaper pages including a front page. The newspaper is discolored, some damage at edges and other losses. Content includes news from Virginia, the United States, and the world, including reports of the French in Louisiana and notice of a French ban on printed news of any sort allowed into colony of Guadaloupe. Advertisements includes notices for sales of enslaved persons, skilled enslaved persons being hired out by their owners, and rewards for the capture and return of fugitive enslaved persons.
- Transcription Center Status
- Transcribed by digital volunteers
- Place depicted
- Guadeloupe, Caribbean, Latin America, North and Central America
- France, Europe
- Place printed
- Fredericksburg, Virginia, United States, North and Central America
- Place depicted
- Louisiana, United States, North and Central America
- Collection title
- Liljenquist Family Collection
- Classification
- Documents and Published Materials
- Slavery and Freedom Objects
- Type
- newspapers
- Topic
- Advertising
- Colonialism
- Domestic slave trade
- French colonialism
- Fugitive enslaved
- Mass media
- Self-liberation
- Slave hire system
- Slavery
- U.S. History, 1783-1815
- Credit Line
- Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift from the Liljenquist Family Collection
- Object number
- 2011.51.1
- Restrictions & Rights
- Public Domain
-
CC0
Letter to Charles Humbert Marie Vincent signed by Toussaint Louverture
- Written by
- Unidentified
- Signed by
- Louverture, Toussaint, Haitian, 1743 - 1803
- Received by
- Vincent, Charles Humbert Marie, French, 1753 - 1831
- Date
- October 21, 1797
- Medium
- ink on paper
- Dimensions
- H x W (a): 12 1/16 × 7 13/16 in. (30.6 × 19.8 cm)
- H x W (b): 12 1/8 × 7 13/16 in. (30.8 × 19.8 cm)
- Caption
- Toussaint Louverture campaigned tirelessly on behalf of slaves during the Haitian Revolution, and his actions helped push France to abolish slavery in all its colonies in 1794. He wrote this letter in response to a speech in French parliament calling for slavery's restoration on Saint-Domingue. He warned the French that he would fight for Haitian independence if France ever revoked abolition.
- Description
- A letter signed by Toussaint Louverture to Charles Humbert Marie Vincent from Cap-Français (now Cap-Haïtien), Haiti, on October 21, 1797. The text itself was recorded by a scribe as Louverture's written French was limited, though the content comprises his own thoughts. At the top of the first page is pre-printed letterhead for Toussaint Louverture, Chief General of the Army of Saint-Domingue. The letter is handwritten in black ink on the front and back sides of two (2) sheets of paper. The contents of the letter are in regards to ongoing conflicts in the French colony of Saint Domingue, later the free nation of Haiti, and military leader Louverture's dissatisfaction with a speech given in the French parliament earlier in 1797 in which Viénot de Vaublanc spoke against abolition and people of African descent as uncivilized.
- Transcription Center Status
- Transcribed by digital volunteers
- Place made
- Cap-Haïtien, Nord, Haiti, Caribbean, Latin America, North and Central America
- Place used
- France, Europe
- Classification
- Documents and Published Materials
- Slavery and Freedom Objects
- Movement
- Anti-slavery movements
- Type
- letters (correspondence)
- Topic
- Antislavery
- Colonialism
- Correspondence
- Decolonization
- Freedom
- French colonialism
- Government
- Justice
- Military
- Resistance
- Credit Line
- Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
- Object number
- 2009.26.2ab
- Restrictions & Rights
- public domain
-
CC0
Rock from Normandy Beaches, D-Day 1944
- Received by
- Yarbrough, Hattye T., American
- Date
- June 6, 1944
- On ViewCommunity/Third Floor, 3 053
- Medium
- ink on rock
- Dimensions
- H x W x D: 1 1/2 × 1 3/4 × 1 1/2 in. (3.8 × 4.4 × 3.8 cm)
- Description
- Small circular black-flecked white rock with the inscription: [D-DAY / JUNE 6, / 44] written in black marker. This rock was retrieved from a Normandy beach on D-Day, June 6, 1944, by Master Sergeant Wallace B. Jackson of the 320th Barrage Balloon Battalion and sent to Hattye T. Yarbrough, an educator and wife of a veteran.
- Classification
- Memorabilia and Ephemera
- Type
- souvenirs
- Topic
- Military
- World War II
- Credit Line
- Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Hattye Thomas Yarbrough
- Object number
- 2012.8.2.2
- Restrictions & Rights
- Public domain
-
CC0
Michelin Illustrated Guides to the Battlefields (1914-1918): Verdun and the Battles for its Possession.
- Written by
- Michelin & Cie, French, founded 1889
- Published by
- Michelin & Cie, French, founded 1889
- Printed by
- Essex Press, Inc., American
- Date
- 1920
- Medium
- ink on paper and cloth
- Dimensions
- H x W x D: 8 7/16 × 5 5/8 × 3/8 in. (21.4 × 14.3 × 1 cm)
- Description
- Michelin Illustrated Guides to the Battlefields (1914-1918): Verdun and the Battles for its Possession. is a tan cloth wrapped book of 111 pages. On the cover, the title in brown print states, [MICHELIN ILLUSTRATED GUIDES / TO THE BATTLEFIELDS (1914-1918) / VERDUN / AND THE BATTLES FOR ITS POSSESSION.] A the bottom of the cover, in smaller lettering is the publisher/author of the book, [MICHELIN & Cie., CLERMONT-FERRAND / MICHELIN TYRE CO. Ltd., 81 Fulham Road, London, S.W. / MICHELIN TIRE CO., MILLTOWN, N.J., U.S.A.]. The title, [VERDUN] is written on the binding. The back of the publication is blank. There are numerous water marks and stains on the all sides of the outer cover. The inner front cover is a yellow advertisement on the left for [VERDUN / HOTELS AND MOTOR AGENTS.] and on the right for [MICHELIN MAP]. An image of a folded up accordion map is central on the right page. The next page continues as an advertisement for [The Michelin Wheel] with images of a full car in the country and a car in front of a building surrounded by people. The book describes the origins and conduct of the battle with multiple maps and illustrations. It gives the visitor a tour of the town and of various parts of the battlefield with its numerous forts. There are two itineraries, one visits the right bank of the Meuse, and Souville, the other the left bank. The book also includes photographs of the town during the battle and the buildings and sites in 1920. The back cover has two yellow advertisements as well. The left is a long description of Brittany and the right is an additional advertisement for [MICHELIN TOURING OFFICES]. This includes two illustrations of cars being driven.
- Place depicted
- Verdun-sur-Meuse, France, Europe
- Place printed
- Newark, Essex County, New Jersey, United States, North and Central America
- Classification
- Documents and Published Materials-Published Works
- Type
- guidebooks
- Topic
- Military
- Travel
- World War I
- Credit Line
- Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Alan Laird
- Object number
- 2017.111.24.1
- Restrictions & Rights
- No Known Copyright Restrictions
-
CC0
367 Machine Gun Bn. enroute to Argonne Front passing thru St. Minehould Sept. 15, 1923
- Photograph by
- United States Army Signal Corps, American, founded 1860
- Subject of
- 367th Infantry Regiment, American, 1917 - 1919
- 92d Infantry Division, American, 1917 - 1945
- Date
- September 15, 1923
- Medium
- gelatin and silver on photographic paper
- Dimensions
- H x W: 6 1/2 × 8 1/2 in. (16.5 × 21.6 cm)
- H x W: 4 7/8 × 7 1/16 in. (12.4 × 17.9 cm)
- Description
- This photograph depicts a soldier on a horse leading a battalion of soliders.The line formation arches across the photograph from left to right and there are two horse-drawn wagons at the end of the line.The Signal Corps USA logo is in the bottom left corner of the photograph. The number [25950] is written next to the logo. The words [367 Machine Gun Bn. enroute to Argonne Front passing thru St. Minehould / Sept. 15, 1923] are written at the bottom inside the white border. The top right corner of the border is discolored.
- Place depicted
- Sainte-Menehould, Champagne-Ardenne, France, Europe
- Classification
- Media Arts-Photography
- Type
- photographs
- Topic
- Military
- World War I
- Credit Line
- Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
- Object number
- 2015.97.23.11
- Restrictions & Rights
- No Known Copyright Restrictions
-
CC0
368 Inf, 92nd Div advancing on camouflaged road - Binarville (Argonne) Oct. 1, 1918
- Photograph by
- United States Army Signal Corps, American, founded 1860
- Subject of
- 368th Infantry Regiment, American, 1917 - 1919
- 92d Infantry Division, American, 1917 - 1945
- Date
- October 1, 1918
- Medium
- gelatin and silver on photographic paper
- Dimensions
- H x W: 6 1/2 × 8 1/2 in. (16.5 × 21.6 cm)
- H x W: 5 1/16 × 7 1/8 in. (12.9 × 18.1 cm)
- Description
- This photograph depicts soldiers walking down a road in a single-file line. The soldiers are wearing helmets and carrying rifles. Trees flank both sides of the road. Two nets are suspended in the trees and cover the road from above. The second net is barely visable in the background. The Signal Corps USA logo is in the bottom left corner of the photograph. The number [25952] is written next to the logo. The words [368 Inf, 92nd Div advancing on camouflaged road - Binarville (Argonne) / Oct. 1, 1918] are written at the bottom inside the white border.
- Place depicted
- Binarville, Champagne-Ardenne, France, Europe
- Classification
- Media Arts-Photography
- Type
- photographs
- Topic
- Military
- World War I
- Credit Line
- Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
- Object number
- 2015.97.23.16
- Restrictions & Rights
- No Known Copyright Restrictions
-
CC0
Certificate for French Croix de Guerre medal issued to Cpl. Lawrence L. McVey
- Created by
- French Republic, French, founded 1792
- Subject of
- Cpl. McVey,, Lawrence Leslie Sr., American, 1897 - 1968
- 369th Infantry Regiment, American, 1913 - 1945
- Date
- March 2, 1928
- Medium
- ink on paper
- Dimensions
- H x W: 17 7/8 × 22 3/16 in. (45.4 × 56.4 cm)
- Caption
- Due to racial tension within the US Army, the 369th Infantry Regiment was assigned to the French Army for the duration of US involvement in World War I. Formed from the 15th New York National Guard Regiment and nicknamed the "Harlem Hellfighters," the 369th was the first African American regiment to reach the battlefields of World War I and the first Allied troops to reach the banks of the Rhine. Upon completion of the 369th’s service in the war, the regiment had spent 191 days in combat, the longest of any American regiment. In appreciation for their actions in the Maison-en-Champagne campaign, the 369th was awarded the Croix de Guerre by the French Government for acts of bravery in conflicts against the enemy. In addition to this honor, 171 individual members of the 369th Regiment were awarded the Croix de Guerre and the Legion of Honor. The 369th Regiment finished their service in Europe and returned to the US in February 1919.
- Description
- Certificate for French Croix de Guerre medal issued to Corporal Lawrence L. McVey. The certificate is comprised of a central rectangle with a striped border followed by an inner illustration of a wooden frame wrapped in olive leaves on the left and oak leaves on the right. In the center top of the border, is an image of the Croix de Guerre with a helmet and ribbon above. Coming from either side of the helmet are palm and olive leaf branches. The bottom left and right of the rectangle border have a circle with text that reads, [HONNEUR] and [PATRIE]. In the center of the circles on the border, a rectangular space has the dates of World War I, [1914-1918]. The central written and printed section of the certificate is drawn to look like a piece of leather pinned to a frame. The top of the certificate reads in larger letters, [RÉPUBLIQUE / FRANÇAISE / MINISTÉRE / DE LA GUERRE. / CROIX DE GUERRE]. Below, French print and handwritten text described McVey's position and why he was awarded the medal.
- Transcription Center Status
- Transcribed by digital volunteers
- Classification
- Awards and Medals
- Type
- certificates
- Topic
- Military
- World War I
- Credit Line
- Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Gina R. McVey, Granddaughter
- Object number
- 2011.108.9.2
- Restrictions & Rights
- No Known Copyright Restrictions
-
World War I Croix de Guerre medal awarded to the 369th Infantry Regiment
- Designed by
- Bartholomé, Albert, French, 1848 - 1928
- Commissioned by
- French Republic, French, founded 1792
- Subject of
- 369th Infantry Regiment, American, 1913 - 1945
- Date
- ca. 1918
- On ViewConcourse 2, C 2053
- Medium
- bronze and ribbon
- Dimensions
- 3 3/4 x 1 1/2 x 1/16 in. (9.5 x 3.8 x 0.2 cm)
- Description
- A World War I Croix de Guerre medal awarded to the 369th Infantry Regiment. The medal consists of a Florentine bronze cross patée, with two crossed swords between the arms. The center of the front side shows the profile of a young woman wearing a Phrygian cap. The words "République française" encircle the portrait. Embossed on the back of the medal is “1914 / 1918.” The cross shaped medal is attached to a green ribbon with seven vertical red stripes.
- Classification
- Awards and Medals
- Type
- medals
- Topic
- Military
- World War I
- Credit Line
- Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
- Object number
- 2011.155.241
- Restrictions & Rights
- No Known Copyright Restrictions
-
Photograph of James Baldwin and five friends sitting outside around a table
- Created by
- Unidentified
- Subject of
- Baldwin, James, American, 1924 - 1987
- Unidentified Man or Men
- Unidentified Woman or Women
- Date
- July 1973
- Medium
- dye and photographic gelatin on photographic paper
- Dimensions
- H x W: 3 1/2 x 5 in. (8.9 x 12.7 cm)
- Description
- A color photograph of James Baldwin and five others seated at a table outside his home in the South of France.
- Place depicted
- Saint-Paul-de-Vence, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France, Europe
- Classification
- Media Arts-Photography
- Type
- photographs
- Topic
- Literature
- Credit Line
- Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of The Baldwin Family
- Object number
- 2011.99.40.4
- Restrictions & Rights
- Unknown - Restrictions Possible
-
Memorial photograph of the interior of James Baldwin's home in France
- Created by
- Unidentified
- Subject of
- Baldwin, James, American, 1924 - 1987
- Date
- ca. 1987
- Medium
- dye and photographic gelatin on photographic paper
- Dimensions
- H x W: 6 x 4 in. (15.2 x 10.2 cm)
- Description
- A color photograph depicting a memorial to James Baldwin inside his house in Saint-Paul-de-Vence, France. The memorial consists of ten (10) candles placed across the mantel piece along with three photographs of Baldwin, a piece of art (far left), and a framed poster (center, above mantle).
- Place captured
- Saint-Paul-de-Vence, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France, Europe
- Classification
- Media Arts-Photography
- Type
- photographs
- Topic
- Literature
- Photography
- Credit Line
- Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of The Baldwin Family
- Object number
- 2011.99.35
- Restrictions & Rights
- Unknown - Restrictions Possible
-
Photograph of James Baldwin and friends sitting outside around a table
- Created by
- Unidentified
- Subject of
- Baldwin, James, American, 1924 - 1987
- Unidentified Man or Men
- Unidentified Woman or Women
- Date
- July 1973
- Medium
- dye and photographic gelatin on photographic paper
- Dimensions
- H x W: 3 1/2 x 5 in. (8.9 x 12.7 cm)
- Description
- A color photograph depicting James Baldwin seated at a table outside his home in the South of France with six other people drinking, smoking, and eating.
- Place depicted
- Saint-Paul-de-Vence, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France, Europe
- Classification
- Media Arts-Photography
- Type
- photographs
- Topic
- Literature
- Credit Line
- Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of The Baldwin Family
- Object number
- 2011.99.40.2
- Restrictions & Rights
- Unknown - Restrictions Possible