Manufactured by

A. H. Andrews & Co., founded 1865

Used by

Hope School, 1925 - 1954

Medium

iron and hardwood

Dimensions

28 x 31 x 26 1/2 in. (71.1 x 78.7 x 67.3 cm)

Type

desks

Place used

Pomaria, Newberry County, South Carolina, United States, North and Central America

Place made

Chicago, Cook County, Illinois, United States, North and Central America

Date

1925-1954

Description

A set of ten desks from the Hope School in Pomaria, South Carolina, a historic Rosenwald school. The desks are of the "Triumph" model made by A. H. Andrews & Co. in Chicago, Illinois and are made of iron and hardwood. The back of each desk provides the writing surface for the desk behind.

Topic

African American

American South

Education

Segregation

Credit Line

Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of the Hope School Community Center, Pomaria, SC

Object number

2010.22.1-.10

Restrictions & Rights

No Known Copyright Restrictions

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National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection

Classification

Furnishings, Housewares, and Décor

Exhibition

Making a Way Out of No Way

On View

NMAAHC (1400 Constitution Ave NW), National Mall Location, Community/Third Floor, 3 050

Data Source

National Museum of African American History and Culture

Designed by

Thompson, Shelia

Subject of

Simmons, Philip, American, 1912 - 2009

Medium

powder coated carbon steel

Dimensions

H x W x D: 16 3/8 × 17 7/16 × 1/8 in. (41.6 × 44.3 × 0.3 cm)

Type

collectibles

works of art

Place made

Charleston, Charleston County, South Carolina, United States, North and Central America

Date

2010

Description

Black metalwork representing a palm tree atop waves, which is the logo for Daniel Island, where renowned Charleston, South Carolina ironworker Philip Simmons was born. The central tree design is surrounded by a circle, which is enclosed by an open square. There are round holes in each of the four (4) corners, 1/2mm in diameter, for hanging hardware. There is no maker's mark.

Topic

African American

Architecture

Craftsmanship

Credit Line

Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Dr. Deborah L. Mack

Object number

2014.82.1

Restrictions & Rights

© Daniel Island Company. Permission required for use.

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Classification

Decorative Arts, Craft, and Design

Exhibition

Cultural Expressions

On View

NMAAHC (1400 Constitution Ave NW), National Mall Location, Culture/Fourth Floor, 4 050

Data Source

National Museum of African American History and Culture

Created by

Unidentified

Owned by

Smalls, Robert, American, 1839 - 1915

Medium

crotch mahogany

Dimensions

34 x 85 x 25 in. (86.4 x 215.9 x 63.5 cm)

Type

sofas

Place used

Beaufort, South Carolina, United States, North and Central America

Date

1850s

Description

A Late Classical mahogany sofa, upholstered in red, with serpentine, tufted back and wing scroll arms, crotch mahogany decorative veneers on crest, arms, and apron.

Topic

African American

American South

Domestic life

Reconstruction (United States History, 1865-1877)

Credit Line

Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture

Object number

2010.28.1

Restrictions & Rights

No Known Copyright Restrictions

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National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection

Classification

Furnishings, Housewares, and Décor

Data Source

National Museum of African American History and Culture

Created by

Unidentified

Owned by

Smalls, Robert, American, 1839 - 1915

Medium

glass, metal

Dimensions

H x W x D: 25 × 10 × 10 in., 9 lb. (63.5 × 25.4 × 25.4 cm, 4.1 kg)

Type

lamps (lighting device components)

Place used

Beaufort, South Carolina, United States, North and Central America

Date

19th century

Description

This oil lamp has been converted from oil to electric. It has a hand-painted base that is white with pink flowers. There is a matching lamp with hand-painted glass shade and a clear glass chimney.

Topic

African American

American South

Domestic life

Ornamentation

Reconstruction (United States History, 1865-1877)

Credit Line

Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture

Object number

2010.28.10a-e

Restrictions & Rights

No Known Copyright Restrictions

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National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection

Classification

Furnishings, Housewares, and Décor

Exhibition

Defending Freedom, Defining Freedom: The Era of Segregation, 1876-1968

On View

NMAAHC (1400 Constitution Ave NW), National Mall Location, Concourse 2, C 2053

Data Source

National Museum of African American History and Culture

Created by

Unidentified

Owned by

Smalls, Robert, American, 1839 - 1915

Medium

walnut

Dimensions

H x W x D: 37 1/2 × 19 × 18 in., 15 lb. (95.3 × 48.3 × 45.7 cm, 6.8 kg)

Type

side chairs

Place used

Beaufort, South Carolina, United States, North and Central America

Date

1875

Description

This walnut side chair has a curved crest rail and scroll-carved and pierced vasiform backsplat above an upholstered over-the-rail seat in green fabric, raised on ring-turned front legs with canted rear legs.

Topic

African American

American South

Domestic life

Reconstruction (United States History, 1865-1877)

Credit Line

Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture

Object number

2010.28.6

Restrictions & Rights

No Known Copyright Restrictions

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National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection

Classification

Furnishings, Housewares, and Décor

Exhibition

Defending Freedom, Defining Freedom: The Era of Segregation, 1876-1968

On View

NMAAHC (1400 Constitution Ave NW), National Mall Location, Concourse 2, C 2053

Data Source

National Museum of African American History and Culture

Created by

Unidentified

Owned by

Smalls, Robert, American, 1839 - 1915

Medium

marble and walnut

Dimensions

29 1/2 x 27 x 20 in. (74.9 x 68.6 x 50.8 cm)

Type

side tables

Place used

Beaufort, South Carolina, United States, North and Central America

Date

1875

Description

This Victorian Era marble-top side table has a 7/8" rectangular, detachable top, table support with reeded edge, and is raised on four scroll-form legs extending out from the base of walnut.

Topic

African American

American South

Domestic life

Reconstruction (United States History, 1865-1877)

Credit Line

Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture

Object number

2010.28.7

Restrictions & Rights

No Known Copyright Restrictions

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National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection

Classification

Furnishings, Housewares, and Décor

Data Source

National Museum of African American History and Culture

Created by

Unidentified

Owned by

Smalls, Robert, American, 1839 - 1915

Medium

marble and walnut

Dimensions

27 1/4 x 21 x 16 in. (69.2 x 53.3 x 40.6 cm)

Type

tables (support furniture)

Place used

Beaufort, South Carolina, United States, North and Central America

Date

1875

Description

A Victorian Era oval marble-top table made of walnut with a 7/8" thick detachable top resting on an oval-shaped wood frame. The legs are s-formed with a decorative spindle connecting the legs at the bottom portion of the central post.

Topic

African American

American South

Domestic life

Reconstruction (United States History, 1865-1877)

Credit Line

Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture

Object number

2010.28.8

Restrictions & Rights

No Known Copyright Restrictions

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National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection

Classification

Furnishings, Housewares, and Décor

Data Source

National Museum of African American History and Culture

Created by

Unidentified

Owned by

Smalls, Robert, American, 1839 - 1915

Medium

marble and walnut

Dimensions

H x W x D: 29 × 21 3/8 × 14 1/2 in., 29 lb. (73.7 × 54.3 × 36.8 cm, 13.2 kg)

Type

tables (support furniture)

Place used

Beaufort, South Carolina, United States, North and Central America

Date

1870s

Description

A Victorian Era oval marble-top table made of walnut with a 7/8" thick detachable top resting on an oval-shaped wood frame. The legs are s-formed with a decorative spindle connecting the legs at the bottom portion of the central post.

Topic

African American

American South

Domestic life

Reconstruction (United States History, 1865-1877)

Credit Line

Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture

Object number

2010.28.9

Restrictions & Rights

No Known Copyright Restrictions

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National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection

Classification

Furnishings, Housewares, and Décor

Exhibition

Defending Freedom, Defining Freedom: The Era of Segregation, 1876-1968

On View

NMAAHC (1400 Constitution Ave NW), National Mall Location, Concourse 2, C 2053

Data Source

National Museum of African American History and Culture

Photograph by

Mydans, Carl, American, 1907 - 2004

Subject of

Hunter, Lewis, American

Unidentified Child or Children

Unidentified Woman or Women

Medium

silver and photographic gelatin on photographic paper

Dimensions

H x W (sheet): 10 15/16 × 14 in. (27.8 × 35.6 cm)

H x W (image): 9 × 12 in. (22.9 × 30.5 cm)

Type

gelatin silver prints

portraits

Place depicted

Beaufort, South Carolina, United States, North and Central America

Date

1936

Description

A gelatin silver print of a black family in South Carolina. The three adults stand furthest from the camera; (from left to right) the father, mother, and grandmother of the family. The mother holds an infant in her arms; the father rests his hands on the shoulders of the smallest standing child, a girl. The tallest child, a boy, stands to the far right adjacent to his grandmother; the remaining child, a boy, stands slightly front and left of his brother in a ripped shirt. The background of the family portrait appears to be the wood paneled side of the family's cabin.

Topic

African American

American South

Children

Domestic life

Families

Photography

Rural life

United States--History--1933-1945

Credit Line

Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture

Object number

2014.166.2

Restrictions & Rights

Public Domain

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Classification

Media Arts-Photography

Data Source

National Museum of African American History and Culture

Created by

Jackson, Mary A., American, born 1945

Medium

sweetgrass, bulrush, palmetto fronds

Dimensions

H x W x D: 23 1/4 × 18 1/2 × 18 1/2 in. (59 × 47 × 47 cm)

Type

baskets

Place made

Richland County, South Carolina, United States, North and Central America

Date

2001

Description

A sweetgrass basket made by Mary A. Jackson. The large, oval shaped Moses style basket has curved edges and is shaped like a bassinet. Extending from the rim is a large central handle. The body of the basket is made from darker colored bulrush, contrasting with the lighter colored palmetto wrappings in a symmetrical pattern. The rim and handle are made from lighter colored sweetgrass.

Topic

African American

American South

Art

Communities

Craftsmanship

Domestic life

Folklife

Credit Line

Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Juliette Bethea in memory of Flora Wilson Bethea

Object number

2017.82.4

Restrictions & Rights

No Known Copyright Restrictions

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Classification

Visual Arts

Decorative Arts, Craft, and Design

Data Source

National Museum of African American History and Culture

Photograph by

Strohmeyer & Wyman, American, unknown-1901

Published by

Underwood & Underwood, American, 1881 - 1940s

Medium

silver and photographic gelatin on photographic paper, adhesive, cardboard

Dimensions

H x W (card): 3 1/2 × 7 in. (8.9 × 17.8 cm)

H x W (left image): 3 1/8 × 3 1/16 in. (8 × 7.7 cm)

H x W (right image): 3 1/8 × 3 in. (8 × 7.6 cm)

Type

stereographs

Place captured

Georgetown County, South Carolina, United States, North and Central America

Date

captured 1895; printed 1904

Description

A black and white stereograph of women and children standing on a large pile of rice-straw on a raft. Twenty people are in the photograph. Water and trees are in the background. Printed vertically on the left side of the card is "Underwood & Underwood, Publishers / New York, London, Toronto-Canada, Ottawa-Kansas." Printed vertically on the right side of the card is "Works and Studios ~ Arlington, NJ/ Westwood, NJ." Printed below the right image in the bottom right corner is "(18) - 5677 - A Rice Raft, South Carolina / Copyright 1895 by Strohmeyer and Wyman." The back of the stereograph contains a description of the image as well as additional copyright information.

Topic

African American

Agriculture

American South

Foodways

Labor

Photography

Rural life

Credit Line

Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture

Object number

2011.155.172

Restrictions & Rights

No Known Copyright Restrictions

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Classification

Media Arts-Photography

Data Source

National Museum of African American History and Culture

Photograph by

Smith, W. Eugene, American, 1918 - 1978

Subject of

Callen, Maude E., American, 1898 - 1990

McCray, Frank, American, 1906 - 1955

Unidentified Woman or Women

Medium

silver and photographic gelatin on photographic paper

Dimensions

H x W (Sheet): 10 x 16 in. (25.4 x 40.6 cm)

H x W (Image): 15 13/16 x 11 1/8 in. (40.2 x 28.3 cm)

Type

gelatin silver prints

portraits

Place depicted

Berkeley County, South Carolina, United States, North and Central America

Date

1951

Caption

Simple kindness overwhelms an old man. Frank McCray had a headache one day in 1927, soon was paralyzed, and has been in this chair ever since. He broke down and wept when Maude stopped in.

W. Eugene, Smith “Nurse Midwife: Maude Callens Eases Pain of Birth, Life and Death.” Life, December 3, 1951, 140.

Description

A black-and-white photograph of Maude E. Callen standing behind Frank McCray, who is sitting with his hands covering his face with a towel. Callen's left hand is resting on the back of the man's head and she is holding a bag in her other. A woman is sitting on a bed behind them. The image is inscribed on the back.

Topic

African American

Medicine

Midwifery

Photography

Social reform

Women

Credit Line

Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, purchased with funds provided by The Phillip and Edith Leonian Foundation

Object number

2013.114.1

Restrictions & Rights

© W. Eugene Smith - Time and Life Pictures/Getty Images. Permission required for use.

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Classification

Media Arts-Photography

Data Source

National Museum of African American History and Culture

Photograph by

Smith, W. Eugene, American, 1918 - 1978

Subject of

Callen, Maude E., American, 1898 - 1990

Medium

silver and photographic gelatin on photographic paper

Dimensions

H x W: 10 1/4 × 13 3/8 in. (26 × 34 cm)

Type

gelatin silver prints

portraits

Place depicted

Berkeley County, South Carolina, United States, North and Central America

Date

1951

Caption

Incubator is made of box and whiskey bottles full of warm water. The bottles are placed at foot and sides of box, then covered with layers of cloth. This will sometimes work for as long as two or three hours.

W. Eugene, Smith “Nurse Midwife: Maude Callens Eases Pain of Birth, Life and Death.” Life, December 3, 1951, 144.

Description

A black-and-white photograph of Maude Callen pouring water into a glass bottle. On the table next to her is a lantern, more bottles and a crate with a sheet in it. Two pans are hanging on the wall. The photograph is stamped and inscribed on the back.

Topic

African American

Medicine

Midwifery

Photography

Social reform

Women

Credit Line

Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, purchased with funds provided by The Phillip and Edith Leonian Foundation

Object number

2013.114.10

Restrictions & Rights

© W. Eugene Smith - Time and Life Pictures/Getty Images. Permission required for use.

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National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection

Classification

Media Arts-Photography

Data Source

National Museum of African American History and Culture

Photograph by

Smith, W. Eugene, American, 1918 - 1978

Subject of

Callen, Maude E., American, 1898 - 1990

Medium

silver and photographic gelatin on photographic paper

Dimensions

H x W: 10 3/8 x 13 7/16 in. (26.4 x 34.1 cm)

Type

gelatin silver prints

portraits

Place depicted

Berkeley County, South Carolina, United States, North and Central America

Date

1951

Caption

Maude at 51 has a thoughtful, weary face that reflects the fury of her life. Orphaned at 7, she was brought up by an uncle in Florida, studied at Georgia Infirmary in Savannah, became a nurse at 21.

W. Eugene, Smith “Nurse Midwife: Maude Callens Eases Pain of Birth, Life and Death.” Life, December 3, 1951, 138.

Description

A black-and-white photograph of Maude Callen holding a flower and leaning on a bag that is on a porch. The back of the photograph is stamped and inscribed.

Topic

African American

Medicine

Midwifery

Photography

Social reform

Women

Credit Line

Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, purchased with funds provided by The Phillip and Edith Leonian Foundation

Object number

2013.114.11

Restrictions & Rights

© W. Eugene Smith - Time and Life Pictures/Getty Images. Permission required for use.

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National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection

Classification

Media Arts-Photography

Data Source

National Museum of African American History and Culture

Photograph by

Smith, W. Eugene, American, 1918 - 1978

Subject of

Callen, Maude E., American, 1898 - 1990

Unidentified Man or Men

Medium

silver and photographic gelatin on photographic paper

Dimensions

H x W: 9 1/4 x 13 3/8 in. (23.5 x 34 cm)

Type

gelatin silver prints

portraits

Place depicted

Berkeley County, South Carolina, United States, North and Central America

Date

1951

Description

A black-and-white photograph of Maude Callen and three men walking towards a car with its doors open. Two of the men are holding the third man between them. In the background is a home with a woman sitting on the porch. The back of the photograph is inscribed and stamped.

Topic

African American

Medicine

Midwifery

Photography

Social reform

Women

Credit Line

Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, purchased with funds provided by The Phillip and Edith Leonian Foundation

Object number

2013.114.12

Restrictions & Rights

© W. Eugene Smith - Time and Life Pictures/Getty Images. Permission required for use.

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National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection

Classification

Media Arts-Photography

Data Source

National Museum of African American History and Culture

Photograph by

Smith, W. Eugene, American, 1918 - 1978

Subject of

Unidentified Child or Children

Unidentified Woman or Women

Unidentified Man or Men

Medium

silver and photographic gelatin on photographic paper

Dimensions

H x W (sheet): 9 3/16 x 13 1/2 in. (23.3 x 34.3 cm)

H x W (image): 10 15/16 x 13 7/8 in. (27.8 x 35.2 cm)

Type

gelatin silver prints

Place depicted

Berkeley County, South Carolina, United States, North and Central America

Date

1951

Caption

Outside a clinic held in school, crowd waits to see Maude. On one afternoon, with one assistant, she gave 810 typhoid shots, later went out and delivered another baby.

W. Eugene, Smith “Nurse Midwife: Maude Callens Eases Pain of Birth, Life and Death.” Life, December 3, 1951, 143.

Description

A black-and-white photograph of several men, women and children. There are cars and a building in the background with more people. The back of the photograph is stamped and has the number "92" written on it.

Topic

African American

Medicine

Photography

Social reform

Women

Credit Line

Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, purchased with funds provided by The Phillip and Edith Leonian Foundation

Object number

2013.114.13

Restrictions & Rights

© W. Eugene Smith - Time and Life Pictures/Getty Images. Permission required for use.

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National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection

Classification

Media Arts-Photography

Data Source

National Museum of African American History and Culture

Photograph by

Smith, W. Eugene, American, 1918 - 1978

Subject of

Callen, Maude E., American, 1898 - 1990

Unidentified Woman or Women

Tomczak, Eric, American, born 1918

Medium

silver and photographic gelatin on photographic paper

Dimensions

H x W: 13 3/8 × 9 7/16 in. (34 × 24 cm)

Type

gelatin silver prints

portraits

Place depicted

Berkeley County, South Carolina, United States, North and Central America

Date

1951

Description

A black-and-white photograph of Maude Callen talking to two women on a road. The two women are facing Callen and have their backs turned to the camera. The woman on the left is holding a container on her head while the other woman is holding a cloth bundle on her arm. Callen is holding a notebook. The back of the photograph is stamped and inscribed.

Topic

African American

Medicine

Midwifery

Photography

Social reform

Women

Credit Line

Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, purchased with funds provided by The Phillip and Edith Leonian Foundation

Object number

2013.114.14

Restrictions & Rights

© W. Eugene Smith - Time and Life Pictures/Getty Images. Permission required for use.

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National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection

Classification

Media Arts-Photography

Data Source

National Museum of African American History and Culture