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  • Revolt of the Black Athlete

    Published by
    Free Press, American, 1947 - 2012
    Written by
    Edwards, Harry, American, born 1942
    Subject of
    Olympic Project for Human Rights, American, 1967 - 1968
    International Olympic Committee, Swiss, founded 1894
    Medium
    ink on paper
    Dimensions
    H x W (closed): 8 1/2 × 5 3/4 in. (21.6 × 14.6 cm)
    H x W (opened): 8 1/2 × 12 7/16 in. (21.6 × 31.6 cm)
    Type
    books
    Place printed
    United States, North and Central America
    Date
    1969
    Description
    A copy of the book, The Revolt of the Black Athlete, written by Harry Edwards. The front cover of the book features an image of Tommie Smith and Juan Carlos raising their fists in the air at the medal ceremony during the 1968 Summer Olympics. Text above the image reads: [Harry Edwards / The Revolt Of The Black Athlete]. The book consists of 202 pages of text and photographs. The title page has several library inscriptions and a library sticker. The back of the last page has a library card slip. The back of the book has a photograph taken by Ted Streshinsky of Harry Edwards and an unidentified man. The photograph features the two men talking. Only the back of the man to the right of the image is visible. Edwards, the man at center, wears a dark jacket with pins and a dark beret and sunglasses. He is holding a cigarette with his proper right hand. Under the photograph white text reads: [Harry Edwards / Photo by Ted Streshinsky - PIX / 90900].
    Topic
    African American
    Activism
    Athletes
    International affairs
    Olympics
    Race discrimination
    Race relations
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture; Gift of Dr. Harry Edwards
    Object number
    2016.66.8
    Restrictions & Rights
    © 1969 The Free Press. Permission required for use.
    See more items in
    National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
    Classification
    Documents and Published Materials-Published Works
    Data Source
    National Museum of African American History and Culture
  • Arty (Centerpiece)

    Arty (Centerpiece)

    Created by
    Stevens, Nelson, American, born 1938
    Subject of
    Turner Crawford, Arlene, American
    AfriCOBRA, founded 1968
    Medium
    acrylic paint on canvas
    Dimensions
    H x W x D: 50 × 50 × 2 in. (127 × 127 × 5.1 cm)
    Type
    acrylic paintings
    portraits
    Date
    1970
    Description
    This is an abstract acrylic painting depicting a woman from the neck up. Done in a color palette of red, orange, blue, and purple, the woman's form is made up of clusters of rounded and abstract pools of color. Viewed slightly from below, she faces forward and gazes upward.
    Topic
    African American
    Activism
    Art
    Identity
    Professional organizations
    Religion
    Women
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
    Object number
    2016.73
    Restrictions & Rights
    © Nelson Stevens. Permission required for use.
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    National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
    Classification
    Visual Arts
    Exhibition
    Visual Art and the American Experience
    On View
    NMAAHC (1400 Constitution Ave NW), National Mall Location, Culture/Fourth Floor, 4 052
    Data Source
    National Museum of African American History and Culture
  • Portrait of Audre Lorde

    Portrait of Audre Lorde

    Photograph by
    Mitchell, Jack, American, 1925 - 2013
    Subject of
    Lorde, Audre, American, 1934 - 1992
    Medium
    silver and photographic gelatin on photographic paper
    Dimensions
    H x W (Image): 10 1/8 × 8 1/2 in. (25.7 × 21.6 cm)
    H x W (Sheet): 14 × 11 in. (35.6 × 27.9 cm)
    Type
    gelatin silver prints
    portraits
    Date
    1983
    Description
    A black and white photograph of Audre Lorde. She is featured standing, facing the camera with her hands in her pockets. The back of the photograph has caption information at center and the number [3034] in the top left corner.
    Topic
    African American
    Activism
    Feminism
    Literature
    Photography
    Poetry
    Women
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
    Object number
    2016.83.8
    Restrictions & Rights
    © Jack Mitchell, All Rights Reserved
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    National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
    Classification
    Media Arts-Photography
    Data Source
    National Museum of African American History and Culture
  • Hoodie worn by Bishop John Bryant to the White House Easter Prayer Breakfast

    Hoodie worn by Bishop John Bryant to the White House Easter Prayer Breakfast

    Manufactured by
    Nike Inc., American, founded 1971
    Worn by
    Bishop Bryant, John Richard, American, born 1943
    Subject of
    Trayvon Martin, American, 1995 - 2012
    Medium
    cotton and polyester blend cloth, braided cloth tape with metal aglets
    Dimensions
    H x W x D (flat): 40 1/4 × 36 1/2 × 4 in. (102.2 × 92.7 × 10.2 cm)
    Type
    sweat shirts
    Place used
    Washington, District of Columbia, United States, North and Central America
    Date
    April 4, 2012
    Description
    A dark gray hooded sweatshirt with full-length sleeves and a kangaroo patch pocket worn by Bishop John Richard Bryant to the Easter Prayer Breakfast at the White House on April 4, 2012. The word "NIKE" above the Nike brand swoosh logo is printed in off-white across the front chest of the sweat shirt. The hood of the shirt has a matching dark gray braided cloth tape strung through it so it can be pulled tight around the face, with knots tied at the end of each side of the cord and metal aglets on the tips. The waist and the cuffs of each sleeve are made from a dark gray ribbed knit for a tighter fit than the body and sleeves. A manufacturer's label is sewn at the interior center back neck. An additional tag with style, fiber content, and care information is sewn at the interior proper left side seam near the hem.
    Topic
    African American
    Activism
    Clothing and dress
    Justice
    Local and regional
    Men
    Race relations
    Religious groups
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Bishop John Richard Bryant, Senior Bishop, African Methodist Episcopal Church
    Object number
    2016.85
    Restrictions & Rights
    No Known Copyright Restrictions
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    National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
    Classification
    Clothing-Historical
    Data Source
    National Museum of African American History and Culture

  • Poster for the Lowndes County Freedom Organization

    Distributed by
    Lowndes County Freedom Organization, American, founded 1965
    Designed by
    Unidentified
    Printed by
    Unidentified
    Medium
    ink on paper
    Dimensions
    H x W: 16 15/16 × 11 in. (43 × 28 cm)
    Type
    posters
    Place used
    Lowndes County, Alabama, United States, North and Central America
    Date
    1966
    Description
    A poster used by the Lowndes County Freedom Organization. The black-and-white poster has a centrally depicted graphic of a crouching, snarling black panther. Printed above and below the graphic is black, block text that reads, [MOVE ON OVER / OR / WE’LL MOVE / ON OVER YOU]. There is an inscription in pencil on the back of the poster.
    Topic
    African American
    Activism
    American South
    Black power
    Civil rights
    Political organizations
    Politics (Practical)
    Race discrimination
    Race relations
    United States--History--1961-1969
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
    Object number
    2016.90.1
    Restrictions & Rights
    No Known Copyright Restrictions
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    National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
    Classification
    Memorabilia and Ephemera-Political and Activist Ephemera
    Data Source
    National Museum of African American History and Culture
  • Pennant from The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom

    Pennant from The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom

    Manufactured by
    Unidentified
    Subject of
    March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, American, founded 1963
    Medium
    ink on paper with pressure-sensitive tape
    Dimensions
    H x W: 10 1/16 × 16 7/16 in. (25.5 × 41.7 cm)
    Type
    pennants
    Place used
    Washington, District of Columbia, United States, North and Central America
    Date
    August 28, 1963
    Description
    A paper pennant from The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, August 28, 1963. The pennant is triangular in shape with a red, white and blue American flag design. The left side of the pennant is a blue, trapezoidal-shaped field with white block text that reads, [We Shall Overcome] printed vertically. The text is bordered by a box of white, five-pointed stars. The field on the right is red and white striped triangle with blue text in varying fonts that reads, [I MARCHED / FOR EQUALITY IN THE / FREEDOM PARADE / AUGUST 28, 1963 / WASHINGTON, D.C.] above two blue stars. There is an inscription in pencil on the back of the pennant.
    Topic
    African American
    Activism
    Civil rights
    Freedom
    Local and regional
    Politics (Practical)
    United States--History--1961-1969
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
    Object number
    2016.90.6
    Restrictions & Rights
    No Known Copyright Restrictions
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    National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
    Classification
    Memorabilia and Ephemera-Political and Activist Ephemera
    Data Source
    National Museum of African American History and Culture
  • T-shirt for Tamir Rice and John Crawford worn by Andrew Hawkins

    T-shirt for Tamir Rice and John Crawford worn by Andrew Hawkins

    Manufactured by
    Next Level Apparel, American
    Worn by
    Andrew Hawkins, American, born 1986
    Subject of
    Tamir Rice, 2002 - 2014
    Crawford, John III, American, 1992 - 2014
    Cleveland Browns, American, founded 1945
    Medium
    cotton and polyester blend cloth
    Dimensions
    H x W x D (flat): 21 1/2 × 24 9/16 × 1/4 in. (54.6 × 62.4 × 0.6 cm)
    Type
    T-shirts
    Place used
    Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States, North and Central America
    Date
    December 14, 2014
    Description
    A hand altered t-shirt worn by Cleveland Browns football player Andrew Hawkins. The shirt has been cut with rough edges across the bottom and along the sleeves, making it into a cropped tank top. White text is printed on the front reading "JUSTICE / FOR / TAMIR RICE / AND JOHN / CRAWFORD III". On the back, white printed text reads "THE / REAL / BATTLE / OF / OHIO" with the words "OF" and "OHIO" in black over a white filled outline in the shape of the state of Ohio. A manufacturer's label with size, style, and fiber content is sewn at the interior center back neck.
    Topic
    African American
    Activism
    Clothing and dress
    Football
    Justice
    Race relations
    Resistance
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Andrew Hawkins
    Object number
    2016.94
    Restrictions & Rights
    No Known Copyright Restrictions
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    National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
    Classification
    Clothing-Historical
    Data Source
    National Museum of African American History and Culture
  • Signed digital print of Colin Kaepernick kneeling during national anthem

    Signed digital print of Colin Kaepernick kneeling during national anthem

    Created by
    Unidentified
    Subject of
    Kaepernick, Colin Rand, American, born 1987
    Signed by
    Kaepernick, Colin Rand, American, born 1987
    Medium
    dye on paper
    Dimensions
    H x W (Image and sheet): 8 × 10 in. (20.3 × 25.4 cm)
    Type
    portraits
    dye diffusion thermal transfer prints
    Place depicted
    San Diego, California, United States, North and Central America
    Date
    September 1, 2016
    Description
    A color photograph of the San Francisco 49ers sideline during the singing of the national anthem. Colin Kaepernick at center is down on knee with left elbow resting on left knee. Eric Reid, out of uniform, is to his right with brace on his right hand. Nate Boyer, on Kaepernick's left, wears dark patriotic shirt with jeans and holds hand over heart. The scene is in Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego, California, as the Chargers' fans and logos are visible within the stadium. Signed at bottom right partly over image of Kaepernick: [Coli / Kap / 7]. Repeating watermark on back of photograph reads [MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC].
    Topic
    African American
    Activism
    Athletes
    Football
    Justice
    Race relations
    Social reform
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Dr. Harry Edwards
    Object number
    2017.10.3
    Restrictions & Rights
    © Getty Images. Permission required for use.
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    National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
    Classification
    Media Arts-Photography
    Data Source
    National Museum of African American History and Culture
  • Time Vol. 188 No. 13

    Time Vol. 188 No. 13

    Issue of Time Magazine signed by Colin Kaepernick
    Published by
    Time Warner, Inc., American, founded 1990
    Issued by
    Time Inc., American, founded 1922
    Subject of
    Kaepernick, Colin Rand, American, born 1987
    Signed by
    Kaepernick, Colin Rand, American, born 1987
    Medium
    ink on paper
    Dimensions
    H x W: 10 1/2 × 8 in. (26.7 × 20.3 cm)
    Type
    magazines (periodicals)
    Place depicted
    United States, North and Central America
    Date
    October 2016
    Description
    A newsstand issue of Time Magazine published October 3, 2016. Cover features an image of Colin Kaepernick kneeling during the national anthem over a black background. The cover story by Sean Gregory is titled "The Perilous Fight: National anthem protests led by Colin Kaepernick are fueling a debate about priviledge, pride and patriotism." Issue is signed in silver ink at center right: Col. / Kap / 7].
    Topic
    African American
    Activism
    Athletes
    Football
    Mass media
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Dr. Harry Edwards
    Object number
    2017.10.4
    Restrictions & Rights
    © Time Inc. Permission required for use.
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    National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
    Classification
    Documents and Published Materials-Published Works
    Data Source
    National Museum of African American History and Culture
  • Freedom is Everybody's Job! The Crime of the Government Against the Negro People: Summation in the Trial of the 11 Communist leaders

    Freedom is Everybody's Job! The Crime of the Government Against the Negro People: Summation in the Trial of the 11 Communist leaders

    Written by
    Crockett, George W. Jr., American, 1909 - 1997
    Published by
    National Non-partisan Committee to Defend the Rights of the 12 Communist Leaders, American, founded 1949
    Medium
    ink on paper, metal
    Dimensions
    H x W x D: 8 3/8 × 5 1/2 × 1/16 in. (21.3 × 14 × 0.1 cm)
    Type
    pamphlets
    Place printed
    Manhattan, New York City, New York, United States, North and Central America
    Date
    1949
    Description
    Pamphlet of "Freedom is Everybody's Job!" by George Crockett. The pamphlet has a glossy cover sheet with the interior pages secured with two staples in the spine. There is a black and white image in the bottom left of the author wearing a suit and glasses on the front cover. The text on the front cover is printed inside a layered black border with the exception of the price of ten cents (10¢) in the lower right corner. The black text at the top reads [FREEDOM / IS / Everybody's Job!]. Below this text between two parallel black lines is [The Crime of the Government / Against the Negro People] in italics. [Summation in the Trials of / the 11 Communist leaders / BY / GEORGE / W. / CROCKETT, Jr.] is printed in smaller front in the lower right. The document is sixteen pages and contains "About the Author" and "Introduction" pages before the summation. The last page lists the officers of the "National / Non-Partisan Committee / TO DEFEND THE RIGHTS OF / THE 12 COMMUNIST LEADERS" and the back cover has information to order a copy of the pamphlet.
    Topic
    African American
    Activism
    Freedom
    Government
    Justice
    Law
    Political organizations
    Politics (Practical)
    United States--History--1945-1953
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of the Stokes/Washington Family
    Object number
    2017.14.1
    Restrictions & Rights
    Public domain
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    National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
    Classification
    Documents and Published Materials
    Data Source
    National Museum of African American History and Culture
  • Flier for

    Flier for "Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom" meeting at Enon Baptist Church

    Created by
    Unidentified
    Subject of
    Enon Baptist Church, American, founded ca. 1889
    Rev. Kilgore, Thomas, American, 1913 - 1998
    Dr. Licorish, David Nathaniel, Barbadian American, 1904 - 1999
    Medium
    ink on paper
    Dimensions
    H x W: 13 1/8 × 8 in. (33.3 × 20.3 cm)
    Type
    ephemera
    fliers (printed matter)
    Place made
    Baltimore, Maryland, United States, North and Central America
    Place depicted
    Washington, District of Columbia, United States, North and Central America
    Date
    1957
    Description
    Flier for a meeting in Baltimore for the “Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom.” The yellowed flier has black printed text. The top of the flier reads [ON TO WASHINGTON - / JOIN THE / PRAYER PILGRIMAGE FOR FREEDOM / to WASHINGTON, D.C. MAY 17th, 1957]. Larger text below a line break reads [MASS MEETING / Tuesday, May 14, - 8 p.m.]. The location for the meeting is listed as Enon Baptist Church where attendees will [Hear the National Director, Dr. Thomas Kilgore Jr. / of New York City and Dr. David Licorish.] There is contact information for Rev. Luke G. Reynolds and Rev. Theodore Jackson. There are four (4) churches listed at the bottom where busses will depart for Washington, D.C. The round trip fare is $1.25. Printer information for [Wells Printers, 601-03 Dolphin Street, VErnon [sic]] is in small text at the bottom. The back is blank.
    Transcription Center Status
    Transcribed by digital volunteers
    Topic
    African American
    Activism
    Civil rights
    Communication
    Freedom
    Religious groups
    Segregation
    United States--History--1953-1961
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of the Stokes/Washington Family
    Object number
    2017.14.11
    Restrictions & Rights
    Public domain
    See more items in
    National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
    Classification
    Memorabilia and Ephemera-Political and Activist Ephemera
    Data Source
    National Museum of African American History and Culture
  • Letter from Carl Murphy and Afro-American Newspapers

    Letter from Carl Murphy and Afro-American Newspapers

    Created by
    The Afro-American, American, founded 1892
    Signed by
    Murphy, Carl J.G., American, 1889 - 1967
    Received by
    Rev. Stokes, Volley V. K., American, ca. 1889 - 1961
    Medium
    ink on paper
    Dimensions
    H x W: 11 × 8 1/2 in. (27.9 × 21.6 cm)
    Type
    form letters
    Place made
    Baltimore, Maryland, United States, North and Central America
    Date
    September 16, 1958
    Description
    Form letter from Carl Murphy to Rev. Volley Stokes. The paper has a letterhead for [AFRO-AMERICAN NEWSPAPERS] which lists the different newspaper branches and the executive offices in Baltimore. The letter text begins [My dear Friend: / We are in the midst of the most important legislative campaign in the history of Baltimore.] There is a request for […participation as a member of a Bipartisan Citizens Committee for Good Government.] followed by an invitation for a meeting at the [AFRO Building – 628 N. Eutaw St.] The letter is signed by Carl Murphy, the president of the Afro-American Newspaper. The paper is creased from being folded. The reverse is blank and has angled staining.
    Topic
    African American
    Activism
    Correspondence
    Journalism
    Politics (Practical)
    Religious groups
    United States--History--1953-1961
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of the Stokes/Washington Family
    Object number
    2017.14.18a
    Restrictions & Rights
    Public domain
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    National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
    Classification
    Documents and Published Materials
    Data Source
    National Museum of African American History and Culture
  • Envelope for a letter from Afro-American Newspapers to Rev. V. Stokes

    Envelope for a letter from Afro-American Newspapers to Rev. V. Stokes

    Created by
    Unidentified
    Issued by
    The Afro-American, American, founded 1892
    Subject of
    Rev. Stokes, Volley V. K., American, ca. 1889 - 1961
    Medium
    ink on paper
    Type
    envelopes
    Place used
    Baltimore, Maryland, United States, North and Central America
    Date
    September 16, 1958
    Description
    Envelope for a letter from Carl Murphy of Afro-American Newspapers to Rev. Volley Stokes. The white standard letter size envelope is addressed to [Rev. V. V. K. Stokes / 1526 McCulloch St. / City 17]. The return address printed in black ink in the upper left reads [AFRO-AMERICAN NEWSPAPERS / Executive Offices / 628 N. Eutaw Street / Baltimore 1, MD.] There is a Baltimore, Md. postmark in the upper right in black ink dated September 16, 1958. The envelope is torn and the reverse has angled staining.
    Topic
    African American
    Activism
    Correspondence
    Journalism
    Politics (Practical)
    Religious groups
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of the Stokes/Washington Family
    Object number
    2017.14.18b
    Restrictions & Rights
    Public domain
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    National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
    Classification
    Documents and Published Materials
    Data Source
    National Museum of African American History and Culture
  • Letter from Howard Fast and the National Non-partisan Committee

    Letter from Howard Fast and the National Non-partisan Committee

    Published by
    National Non-partisan Committee to Defend the Rights of the 12 Communist Leaders, American, founded 1949
    Written by
    National Non-partisan Committee to Defend the Rights of the 12 Communist Leaders, American, founded 1949
    Signed by
    Fast, Howard Melvin, American, 1914 - 2003
    Subject of
    Crockett, George W. Jr., American, 1909 - 1997
    Medium
    ink on paper
    Dimensions
    H x W: 11 × 8 1/2 in. (27.9 × 21.6 cm)
    Type
    form letters
    Place made
    Manhattan, New York City, New York, United States, North and Central America
    Date
    1949-1950
    Description
    Form letter from the National Non-partisan Committee to Defend the Rights of the 12 Communist Leaders. The printed letter is on Committee letterhead and begins [Dear Friend: / We are proud to present "FREEDOM IS EVERYBODY'S JOBS," part of the summation of Attorney George W. Crockett, Jr., on of the defense counsel for the eleven American Communist leaders in the recent Foley Square political trial.] The letter discusses the merits of the summation as an [eloquent, sincere and powerful defense of the Negro people...].The letter asks for comments and orders for the ten cent pamphlet. The letter is signed by Howard Fast, Committee Treasurer, and has a list of Committee officers at the bottom. All text is printed in black. The reverse is blank and there are creases from the folded paper.
    Topic
    African American
    Activism
    Associations and institutions
    Correspondence
    Freedom
    Justice
    Law
    Politics (Practical)
    United States--History--1945-1953
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of the Stokes/Washington Family
    Object number
    2017.14.2
    Restrictions & Rights
    Public Domain
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    National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
    Classification
    Documents and Published Materials
    Data Source
    National Museum of African American History and Culture
  • Letter from H.W. Sewing for Daisy Bates Trust Fund

    Letter from H.W. Sewing for Daisy Bates Trust Fund

    Created by
    Sewing, Henry Warren, American, born 1891
    Subject of
    Douglass State Bank, American, 1947 - 1983
    Rev. Stokes, Volley V. K., American, ca. 1889 - 1961
    Trinity Baptist Church, American, founded 1888
    Bates, Daisy, American, 1914 - 1999
    Rev. Henderson, I. H. Sr., American, died 1985
    Signed by
    Sewing, Henry Warren, American, born 1891
    Subject of
    Arkansas State Press, American, 1941 - 1959; 1984 - 1997
    Medium
    ink on paper
    Dimensions
    H x W: 10 7/8 × 8 1/2 in. (27.6 × 21.6 cm)
    Type
    letters (correspondence)
    Place made
    Kansas City, Wyandotte County, Kansas, United States, North and Central America
    Place depicted
    Baltimore, Maryland, United States, North and Central America
    Little Rock, Pulaski County, Arkansas, United States, North and Central America
    Date
    Feb 16, 1960
    Caption
    Daisy Bates led the NAACP branch in Arkansas and was in charge of the Little Rock school integration. Bates worked to organize a safe integration process and mentored the first students, known as the Little Rock Nine. Due to intense protests, President Dwight D. Eisenhower sent the Arkansas National Guard to ensure that the school integration could proceed. Protestors and advertisers boycotted the Arkansas State Press, an activist newspaper owned by Daisy and her husband Lucius Christopher Bates. The Bates suffered financial difficulties due to their outspoken integration efforts. The “Dollars for Daisy Bates Trust Fund” was set up to provide much needed funds to the Bates.
    Trigg Mary K. and Alison R. Bernstein, eds. Junctures in Women’s Leadership: Social Movements. New Brunswick: Rutgers, 2016.
    Description
    Letter from the Dollars for Daisy Bates Trust Fund. The letter is printed in black ink on Douglass State Bank letterhead. It is addressed to Rev. V. K. stokes and begins [Dear Brother Pastor: / Doubtless, you have already read some of the many news releases concerning the nation-wide effort to give assistance to Daisy Bates and her husband to liquidate heavy indebtedness, due to the forced closing down of their newspaper business]. The letter requests contributions before the end of the fundraising campaign for the Daisy Bates Trust Fund. H.W. Sewing, Treasurer of the Fund and President of the Douglass State Bank, signed the letter. There is a postscript at the bottom of the page which begins [P.S.- Rev. Stokes: Will you stress the courage of Mrs. Bates and ask your members if we as Negroes should let these freedom fighters lose all they have fighting in Little Rock for first class citizenship for the Negro?...]. The paper has a Douglass State Bank watermark. The reverse is blank.
    Topic
    African American
    Activism
    Business
    Civil rights
    Correspondence
    Journalism
    Religious groups
    Resistance
    United States--History--1953-1961
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of the Stokes/Washington Family
    Object number
    2017.14.5a
    Restrictions & Rights
    Public domain
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    National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
    Classification
    Documents and Published Materials
    Data Source
    National Museum of African American History and Culture
  • Envelope for letter from H.W. Sewing for Daisy Bates Trust Fund

    Envelope for letter from H.W. Sewing for Daisy Bates Trust Fund

    Created by
    Unidentified
    Issued by
    Douglass State Bank, American, 1947 - 1983
    Signed by
    Sewing, Henry Warren, American, born 1891
    Subject of
    Rev. Stokes, Volley V. K., American, ca. 1889 - 1961
    Trinity Baptist Church, American, founded 1888
    Bates, Daisy, American, 1914 - 1999
    Rev. Henderson, I. H. Sr., American, died 1985
    Arkansas State Press, American, 1941 - 1959; 1984 - 1997
    Medium
    ink on paper
    Dimensions
    H x W: 4 3/16 × 9 1/2 in. (10.6 × 24.1 cm)
    Type
    envelopes
    Place made
    Kansas City, Wyandotte County, Kansas, United States, North and Central America
    Place depicted
    Baltimore, Maryland, United States, North and Central America
    Little Rock, Pulaski County, Arkansas, United States, North and Central America
    Date
    Feb 17, 1960
    Caption
    Daisy Bates led the NAACP branch in Arkansas and was in charge of the Little Rock school integration. Bates worked to organize a safe integration process and mentored the first students, known as the Little Rock Nine. Due to intense protests, President Dwight D. Eisenhower sent the Arkansas National Guard to ensure that the school integration could proceed. Protestors and advertisers boycotted the Arkansas State Press, an activist newspaper owned by Daisy and her husband Lucius Christopher Bates. The Bates suffered financial difficulties due to their outspoken integration efforts. The “Dollars for Daisy Bates Trust Fund” was set up to provide much needed funds to the Bates.
    Trigg Mary K. and Alison R. Bernstein, eds. Junctures in Women’s Leadership: Social Movements. New Brunswick: Rutgers, 2016.
    Description
    Envelope for a letter from the Dollars for Daisy Bates Trust Fund. The envelope has [D F Daisy / The DOUGLASS / STATE / BANK] in blank text in the upper left from Kansas City, Kansas. The center of the envelope has printed text which reads [Rev. V.K. Stokes / Trinity Baptist Church / 1526 McCullob [sic] St. / Baltimore, Md.]. There are three stamps in blue ink along the top, one for auto loans and two postage marks. The adhesive on the back envelope flap has yellowed.
    Topic
    African American
    Activism
    Business
    Civil rights
    Correspondence
    Journalism
    Religious groups
    Resistance
    United States--History--1953-1961
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of the Stokes/Washington Family
    Object number
    2017.14.5b
    Restrictions & Rights
    Public domain
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    National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
    Classification
    Documents and Published Materials
    Data Source
    National Museum of African American History and Culture
  • In Sojourner Truth I fought for the rights of women as well as as blacks

    In Sojourner Truth I fought for the rights of women as well as as blacks

    Created by
    Catlett, Elizabeth, American and Mexican, 1915 - 2012
    Subject of
    Truth, Sojourner, American, 1797 - 1883
    Medium
    ink and graphite on paper
    Dimensions
    H x W (image with title): 9 5/8 × 5 7/8 in. (24.4 × 15 cm)
    H x W (image): 8 7/8 × 5 7/8 in. (22.5 × 15 cm)
    H x W (sheet): 14 1/8 × 11 1/4 in. (35.9 × 28.6 cm)
    Type
    linocuts
    Place made
    Mexico City, Mexico, Latin America, North and Central America
    Date
    1946-1947; printed 1989
    Description
    This black and white linocut depicts Sojourner Truth. Shown from the waist up, she stands behind a lectern with an open book, perhaps a Bible, on top. She wears a dark striped dress with a light colored neckline or scarf around her neck. She has a light colored head wrap. Her right hand is raised with her index finger pointing upwards, and her left hand rests on the lectern. There is a handwritten title below the image in pencil. It is signed by the artist on the bottom right. The back is blank.
    Topic
    African American
    Activism
    Art
    Feminism
    Identity
    Preaching
    Resistance
    Spirituality
    Suffrage
    Women
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Winifred Hervey
    Object number
    2017.21.6
    Restrictions & Rights
    © Elizabeth Catlett/Licensed by Visual Artists & Galleries Association, Inc (VAGA), New York, NY. Permission required for use.
    See more items in
    National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
    Portfolio/Series
    The Black Woman (formerly the Negro Woman)
    Classification
    Visual Arts
    Data Source
    National Museum of African American History and Culture
  • My role has been important in the struggle to organize the unorganized

    My role has been important in the struggle to organize the unorganized

    Created by
    Catlett, Elizabeth, American and Mexican, 1915 - 2012
    Subject of
    Unidentified Man or Men
    Unidentified Woman or Women
    Medium
    ink and graphite on paper
    Dimensions
    H x W (image with title): 6 5/8 × 9 in. (16.8 × 22.9 cm)
    H x W (image): 6 1/16 × 9 1/16 in. (15.4 × 23 cm)
    H x W (sheet): 11 1/4 × 15 1/16 in. (28.6 × 38.3 cm)
    Type
    linocuts
    Date
    1947; printed 1989
    Description
    Black and white linocut of an unidentified group of workers. The group consists of four men with one woman who is standing in the center. She has one arm raised in a fist above her head. Two men are facing the woman with their backs visible. The man on the left is holding a flier which reads [JOIN] at the top. The man to the right, wearing a flat cap, is resting a hand on another man's shoulder. The man in the back left, also wearing a flat cap, is looking to the right and has one arm raised. On the right in the background is a building with two smokestacks. The title is handwritten in graphite below the image and the work is signed. The reverse is blank.
    Topic
    African American
    Activism
    Art
    Identity
    Resistance
    Social reform
    Women
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Winifred Hervey
    Object number
    2017.21.9
    Restrictions & Rights
    © Elizabeth Catlett/Licensed by Visual Artists & Galleries Association, Inc (VAGA), New York, NY. Permission required for use.
    See more items in
    National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
    Portfolio/Series
    The Black Woman (formerly the Negro Woman)
    Classification
    Visual Arts
    Data Source
    National Museum of African American History and Culture
  • Grey sweat shirt and pants worn by Albert Woodfox while incarcerated

    Grey sweat shirt and pants worn by Albert Woodfox while incarcerated

    Manufactured by
    Gildan Activewear Inc., Canadian, founded 1984
    Russell Athletics, American, founded 1902
    Worn by
    Woodfox, Albert, American, born 1947
    Subject of
    David Wade Correctional Center, American, founded 1980
    Medium
    shirt: cotton and polyester blend cloth;
    pants: cotton and polyester blend cloth, cord
    Dimensions
    H x W (.1 flat): 37 3/8 × 26 in. (94.9 × 66 cm)
    H x W (.2 flat): 43 × 22 in. (109.2 × 55.9 cm)
    Type
    sweat pants
    sweat shirts
    Place used
    Claiborne Parish, Louisiana, United States, North and Central America
    Date
    2010
    Caption
    Albert Woodfox is a former inmate of the Louisiana State Penitentiary, also known as the Angola Prison. Woodfox is one of the “The Angola Three”— a group comprised of three former prison inmates (Robert King, Albert Woodfox and Herman Wallace) who were put into solitary confinement in Louisiana State Penitentiary in April 1972 after the killing of a corrections officer. Woodfox is noted as the world’s longest serving person in solitary confinement, and was the last member of the Angola 3 to be released from prison.
    Woodfox was issued this grey sweat suit in 2010 when he was transferred to the David Wade Correctional Center in Claiborne Parish, Louisiana.
    On November 20, 2014, Woodfox had his conviction overturned by the US Court of Appeals, and in April 2015, his lawyer applied for an unconditional writ for his release. Albert Woodfox was released on February 19, 2016, after 43 years of solitary confinement. Since his release, Woodfox has been the subject of documentary films, interviews and essays and has traveled the globe to tell his story.
    Description
    Grey sweat shirt (.1) and sweat pants (.2) worn by Albert Woodfox while incarcerated at David Wade Correctional Center.
    The sweat shirt (.1) is made from grey polyester and cotton blend knit fabric. It has a ribbed crew neck, full-length sleeves with fitted ribbed cuffs, and the waistband is finished with a ribbed edge. The text "WOODFOX, A / 072148" in stencil lettering is stamped in burnt orange ink across the back shoulders. Two (2) white fabric labels with blue, red, and black printed text are sewn at the interior center back neck containing the manufacturer logo, size, fiber content, care, and style information.
    The sweat pants (.2) are made from grey polyester and cotton blend knit fabric. The are ankle length with tapered legs. The waist band is cinched with a white nylon braided cord at the interior front waist. There are two (2) inset pockets, one at each front side waist. The text "WOODFOX, A / 072148" in stencil lettering is stamped in burnt orange ink on each leg near the knee. A white fabric label with blue printed text is sewn at the interior center back waist seam with the logo for Russel Athletics at the top followed by size, fiber content, style, and care information below and on the reverse.
    Topic
    African American
    Activism
    Black power
    Clothing and dress
    Justice
    Prisons
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Albert Woodfox
    Object number
    2017.34.1-.2
    Restrictions & Rights
    No Known Copyright Restrictions
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    National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
    Classification
    Clothing-Historical
    Data Source
    National Museum of African American History and Culture
  • I AM A (WO)MAN

    I AM A (WO)MAN

    Photograph by
    Levy, Builder, American, born 1942
    Subject of
    Unidentified Woman or Women
    Dr. King, Martin Luther Jr., American, 1929 - 1968
    Medium
    gold toned silver and photographic gelatin on photographic paper
    Dimensions
    H x W (Image): 12 15/16 × 8 5/8 in. (32.9 × 21.9 cm)
    H x W (Sheet): 13 15/16 × 10 7/8 in. (35.4 × 27.6 cm)
    Type
    gelatin silver prints
    Place depicted
    Memphis, Shelby County, Tennessee, United States, North and Central America
    Date
    April 8, 1968; printed 2016
    Description
    A black and white photograph of a woman holding a poster at the Martin Luther King Memorial March in Memphis, Tennessee in 1968. The woman is in the midst of a march and is carrying a sign with printed text that reads: [I AM A MAN]. The sign has been altered by hand to read: [I AM A WoMan]. Other marchers are visible in the background carrying similar signs. They marchers are walking down a street in Memphis that is lined with buildings on either side. The back of the photograph includes the photographer's signature, information about the subject of the photograph, and printing information.
    Topic
    African American
    Activism
    Civil rights
    Feminism
    Gender
    Identity
    Photography
    United States--History--1961-1969
    Women
    Credit Line
    Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Arnika Dawkins and the Arnika Dawkins Gallery
    Object number
    2017.43.2
    Restrictions & Rights
    © Builder Levy
    See more items in
    National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
    Classification
    Media Arts-Photography
    Data Source
    National Museum of African American History and Culture