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-
Julian Bond (Black Journal segment)
- Produced by
- National Educational Television, American, 1954 - 1970
- Subject of
- Representative Julian Bond, American, 1940 - 2015
- O'Dwyer, Paul, American, 1907 - 1998
- Maddox, Lester, American, 1915 - 2003
- Date
- 1969
- Medium
- acetate film
- Dimensions
- Duration: 11 Minutes
- Length (Film): 420 Feet
- Title
- 16mm motion picture film of Julian Bond
- Caption
- This 16mm film is a short documentary produced for the National Educational Television program Black Journal. It examines the promising political career of civil rights activist and then member of the Georgia State Legislature, Julian Bond.
- Description
- This 16mm color film is a short documentary produced for the Black Journal television program on the early and promising political career of Julian Bond; a civil rights activist and then member of the Georgia State Legislature. In this short film, Julian Bond discusses his constituents and political conflicts and goals as a black activist.
- The film begins with the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago, where Democrats announced their nomination of Julian Bond for Vice President of the United States. The narrator then begins to describe who Julian Bond is and how he started his political career as a civil rights activist, and later shifting his efforts to the political arena. Julian Bond discusses why he got involved in politics and how he hopes to use it to implement some of the changes he advocated for during his years as an activist. As a young and popular politician, he is in high demand and travels to New York to campaign on behalf of New York State Senatorial candidate Paul O'Dwyer. In New York, he engages in a light debate with an African American bystander who questions why he would campaign on behalf of a Ccaucasian politician that he believes is focused on black rights and progress. Another clip from the 1968 Democratic National Convention plays, in which Bond mentions Lester Maddox. An interview with Bond inside of a moving car follows. Julian Bond discusses the economic and social demographic of his constituents, as well as his options for effectively creating change from within the political system. He also discusses his opinions on segregation and integration, and the pros and cons of each regarding specific things like public education and black owned businesses. The films ends with the narrator asking whether or not Julian Bond can continue to express the will of black America while still attracting support from white America.
- Place filmed
- New York City, New York County, New York, United States, North and Central America
- Atlanta, Fulton County, Georgia, United States, North and Central America
- Scarsdale, Westchester County, New York, United States, North and Central America
- Collection title
- Pearl Bowser Collection
- Portfolio/Series
- Black Journal segment
- Classification
- Media Arts-Film and Video
- Type
- motion pictures (information artifacts)
- 16mm (photographic film size)
- Topic
- Activism
- Civil rights
- Education
- Film
- Politics
- Race discrimination
- Race relations
- Television
- U.S. History, 1961-1969
- Credit Line
- Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Pearl Bowser
- Object number
- 2012.79.1.99.1a
- Restrictions & Rights
- © National Educational Television
-
Malcolm X Liberation University (Black Journal segment)
- Produced by
- Bourne, St. Clair, American, 1943 - 2007
- National Educational Television, American, 1954 - 1970
- Greaves, William, American, 1926 - 2014
- Owned by
- Bowser, Pearl, American, born 1931
- Subject of
- Dr. Shabazz, Betty, American, 1934 - 1997
- X, Malcolm, American, 1925 - 1965
- Interview of
- Fuller, Howard, American, born 1941
- Subject of
- Harambee Singers, American, founded 1966
- Reagon, Bernice Johnson, American, born 1942
- Date
- 1969
- On ViewConcourse, C X06
- Exhibition
- A Century in the Making
- Medium
- acetate film and metal
- Dimensions
- Duration: 10 Minutes
- Length (Film): 320 Feet
- Title
- 16mm motion picture of Malcolm X Liberation University [Black Journal segment]
- Caption
- This 16mm film is a short documentary made for National Educational Television's Black Journal television program. Producer St. Clair Bourne chronicles the opening of Malcolm X Liberation University in Durham, North Carolina on October 25, 1969.
- Description
- This 16mm color film is a short documentary subject made for National Educational Television's Black Journal television program. Producer St. Clair Bourne chronicles the opening of Malcolm X Liberation University in North Carolina. It consists of: a 16mm film (a), original 400 foot film reel (b), and original 400 foot film canister (c).
- 2012.79.1.68.1a: The film opens with a student meeting/rally at Duke University, in which one unidentified student speaker (male) states why they longer wish to participate in a system they don't believe speaks to the needs of African American college students. A male narrator begins to speak, explaining what the Black Student Movement at Duke University was and how it originated and morphed into a separate institution. An interview with Howard Fuller begins to play, and he expresses why he doesn't believe in institutionalized black studies programs. Footage of him announcing the opening of Malcolm X Liberation University begins to play, and is followed by clips of the opening celebratory parade and rally. The narrator describes the new university's proposed curriculum and study abroad program in Africa. Howard Fuller addressed the crowd by reading a statement from Stokely Carmichael, and introduced guest speaker Betty Shabazz. During her speech, white train workers in a nearby train yard rang a train car bell to interrupt her speech. A visiting professor who was in attendance climbed on top of the train car and silenced the bell so Betty Shabazz could finish her speech. A small group of women sing "The Black Magician" onstage. Courtland Cox, a representative from Malcolm X Liberation University's sister school in Washington, DC, closed the ceremony. The film ends with an interview with Howard Fuller speaking on the role of Malcolm X Liberation University can and hopes to play in the black liberation struggle.
- 2012.79.1.68.1b: Original 400 foot film reel.
- 2012.79.1.68.1c: Original 400 foot film canister. The metal can has a sticker label from a film distribution company with the name of film.
- Place filmed
- Raleigh, Wake County, North Carolina, United States, North and Central America
- Durham, Durham County, North Carolina, United States, North and Central America
- Collection title
- Pearl Bowser Collection
- Classification
- Media Arts-Film and Video
- Topic
- Civil rights
- Education
- Film
- Race discrimination
- Race relations
- Television
- Credit Line
- Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Pearl Bowser
- Object number
- 2012.79.1.68.1abc
- Restrictions & Rights
- © National Educational Television
-
The Black G.I. (Black Journal segment)
- Directed by
- Garrett, Kent, American, born 1941
- Produced by
- Greaves, William, American, 1926 - 2014
- National Educational Television, American, 1954 - 1970
- Subject of
- Bennett, L. Howard, American, 1913 - 1993
- Bracey, Sylvester Sr., American, ca. 1949 - 2019
- Owned by
- Bowser, Pearl, American, born 1931
- Date
- 1971
- Medium
- acetate film
- Dimensions
- Duration: 50 Minutes
- Length (Film): 1,800 Feet
- Title
- 16mm motion picture film of The Black G.I. (Black Journal segment)
- Caption
- The Black G.I. is a two-part documentary episode of the television series Black Journal. It focuses on the experiences of African-American soldiers in the Vietnam War. This film features frank and open discussions from soldiers, ranked officers, and politicians about the racism that defined the different experiences black soldiers had in this war.
- Description
- This 16mm color film is an hour-long documentary segment of Episode No. 22 of the NET (National Educational Television) television program, Black Journal; a weekly public television newsmagazine in the late 1960s/early 1970s that examined the many issues pertinent to the black American experience at the time. It was originally broadcast on March 30, 1970, and is believed to have been filmed over the course of 1969. Episode No. 22 of Black Journal was directed by Stan Lathan, while the "Black G.I." segment was directed by Kent Garrett. Executive Produced by William Greaves.
- This film opens with a narration over images of African American men in the history of the US military. The first moving image section shows African American men fighting during World War II. The narrator discusses the irony of African American men fighting for freedom in Europe while not enjoying the same freedoms in the US. There are multiple shots of the Tuskegee Airmen. Eleanor Roosevelt pins (unknown) medal on African American soldier. Next, newsreel footage of Joe Louis arriving at an airbase and greeting black troops. The narrator then talks about the desegregation of the US military during the Korean War and points out the lack of black soldiers in leadership positions. Color footage marks the transition of the narration to coverage of the Vietnam War. Two African American soldiers in civilian clothing with soul power patches can be seen dapping. Series of brief excerpts from interviews of black soldiers play, each stating their position on being black and in the military during the Vietnam War. The narrator reveals the disproportionate percentage of black men who are killed in action versus their white counterparts. There are multiple shots of combat and post-combat footage in Vietnamese rice fields and footage of riverside villages. Two sailors patrol a river and discuss their experience in Vietnam thus far and what they'll do when they get home. They discuss their mission and how to be black while being in the military. A girl group performs at the USO in Saigon. Tanks and amored personnel carriers patrol suspected enemy locations along border with North Vietnam. Sailors on a patrol boat open fire at the river bank and a confederate flag can be seen flying from a flag pole on board. Black sailors discuss cultural challenges of being in the Navy and the lack entertainment geared towards black musical tastes of the time. One sailor talks about being disciplined for getting into an altercation after a white sailor ripped his tape player from the wall for playing soul music. The narrator reveals that an all white court martial found the sailor, Bobby Jenkins, guilty of assault, demoted him and docked his pay. A sailor relays that he and other African Americans met with the Assistant Secretary of Defense for civil rights to discuss their poor treatment and were promised changes by the Assistant Secretary. The sailors talk about how some local Vietnamese have adopted some of the negative perceptions of African Americans, which some black sailors believe they learned from some white members of the military. The sailors discuss how their hands are tied when it comes to standing up for their rights as sailors on a patrol boat dap and salute the camera with black/soul power fists. Air Force fighter pilot, John Bordeaux, discusses his personal experience of not facing the same discrimination expressed by other African American military personnel. Two black career Army officers, Davis and Rogers, discuss the systematic discrimination they've faced; in particular, they recall incidents of being passed over for promotions despite strong credentials. Brigadier General Frederick E. Davison, the first African American combat general, rejects the assertion that an African American who succeeds in the military is an Uncle Tom and discusses the many actions that the Army has taken to ensure equal treatment and opportunities. A cover of "Sittin' on a Dock in the Bay" plays over a montage of black soldiers in the field. A group of black Marines in a mess hall at Camp Hansen, Okinawa discuss the unfair treatment they've experienced, such as being forced to wear a collared shirt with their dashikis and not being allowed to wear their hair in an afro. One marine relates an incident in which they were violently confronted after returning from a USO show that primarily featured soul music. There is a series of shots of shops in Koza "Four Corners", Okinawa geared towards African American soldiers. Another group of soldiers discuss their dissatisfaction with being drafted to fight in Vietnam despite social and economic discrimination at home, and being harassed and targeted as being "troublesome" if they decide to attend country music night at local clubs. L. Howard Bennett, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, discusses how black soldiers complaining about the lack of soul music are expressing grievances beyond simply entertainment selection and dissatisfaction with communcation in the chain of command. He also states his opinion that black soldiers fighting for the US puts them in a better position to demand equal rights at home.
- Place filmed
- H? Chí Minh, Viet Nam, Asia
- Camp Hansen, Okinawa, Japan, Asia
- Arlington County, Virginia, United States, North and Central America
- Collection title
- Pearl Bowser Collection
- Portfolio/Series
- Black Journal segment
- Classification
- Media Arts-Film and Video
- Type
- motion pictures (information artifacts)
- 16mm (photographic film size)
- Topic
- Film
- Gesture
- Mass media
- Military
- Race discrimination
- Race relations
- Television
- Vietnam War, 1961-1975
- Credit Line
- Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Pearl Bowser
- Object number
- 2012.79.1.51.1a
- Restrictions & Rights
- © National Educational Television