NMAAHC Collections Search

Crew jacket worn by Bob Minor on the set of Posse

Created by: Unidentified
Worn by: Bob Minor, American, born 1944

Medium: leather, metal, thread, padding (material)
Dimensions: H x W x D (On form): 35 × 31 1/2 in. (88.9 × 80 cm)

Type: jackets

Place used: Arizona, United States, North and Central America

Date: 1993

Description: A black long-sleeve leather jacket decorated with fringe. Collared, silver zipper down front center with overlapping flap, which extends to a point on the PL top and buttons onto the PR upper chest, cinched at waist and cuffed with stretchy fleece-like fabric. Black leather at the top, with the fringe running at the bottom edge of the leather, from PL to PR shoulder in a wave-like orientation across the front of the chest, around the shoulders, and across the back in the same pointed wave-like line. Fringe also runs down back of each sleeve, and hangs past cuffed sleeve at the bottom. The fringe separates the fabric styles of the jacket: above the fringe is leather, below is mainly fleece-like fabric. Sewn onto the back is a patch (a black circular patch with a gold [P] in the center and bordered around the circumference with gold-colored thread) with [POSSE] in gold-colored thread underneath. The same circular patch is sewn to the PL upper chest of the front of the jacket as well. On interior zipper of PL side of jacket front, handwritten in white paint, reads [-Bob Minor-]. Small interior tag, white with black type, reads [XL] on inside of collar.

Topic: African American; Actors; American West; Clothing and dress; Costume; Film; Hollywood (Film); Labor

Credit Line: Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Bob Minor, Stuntman, Stunt Coordinator, 2nd Unit Director, Actor

Object number: 2014.303.1

Restrictions & Rights: No Known Copyright Restrictions

See more items in: National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
Classification: Clothing-Costume

Data Source: National Museum of African American History and Culture

Evans Derrell Hopkins Oral History Interview

Created by: Civil Rights History Project, American, founded 2009
Interview of: Hopkins, Evans Derrell, American, born 1954
Interviewed by: Mosnier, Joseph Ph. D.
Subject of: Black Panther Party, American, 1966 - 1982; Seale, Bobby, American, born 1936

Medium: digital
Dimensions: Duration: 01:58:21

Type: video recordings; oral histories

Place collected: Richmond, Virginia, United States, North and Central America
Place depicted: Danville, Virginia, United States, North and Central America; Winston-Salem, Forsyth County, North Carolina, United States, North and Central America; Oakland, Alameda County, California, United States, North and Central America

Date: July 7, 2011

Description: The oral history consists of nine digital files: 2011.174.29.1a, 2011.174.29.1b, 2011.174.29.1c, 2011.174.29.1d, 2011.174.29.1e, 2011.174.29.1f, 2011.174.29.1g, 2011.174.29.1h, and 2011.174.29.1i.; Evans Hopkins recalls growing up in Danville, Virginia, and participating in efforts to desegregate public schools and the library. He remembers joining the Black Panther Party in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, and Oakland, California, and working on Bobby Seale's campaign for Mayor of Oakland. He also discusses his imprisonment for car theft and the high rate of incarceration among African American men.; LOC ID: afc2010039_crhp0029

Topic: African American; Activism; American South; American West; Black power; Civil Rights; Education; Political organizations; Politics (Practical); Prisons; Segregation; Social reform; United States--History--1969-2001

Credit Line: Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture in partnership with the American Folklife Center, Library of Congress

Object number: 2011.174.29.1a-i

Restrictions & Rights: © Smithsonian National Museum of African American History & Culture and The American Folklife Center, Library of Congress

See more items in: National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
Collection title: Civil Rights History Project
Classification: Media Arts-Film and Video

Data Source: National Museum of African American History and Culture

Elmer Dixon Oral History Interview

Created by: Civil Rights History Project, American, founded 2009
Interview of: Dixon, Elmer, American
Interviewed by: Cline, David P. Ph. D., American, born 1969
Subject of: Dr. King, Martin Luther Jr., American, 1929 - 1968; Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, American, 1960 - 1970s; Carmichael, Stokely, Trinidadian American, 1941 - 1998; Black Panther Party, American, 1966 - 1982; Seale, Bobby, American, born 1936; Dr. Newton, Huey P., American, 1942 - 1989; Dixon, Aaron, American, born 1949

Medium: digital
Dimensions: Duration: 02:32:32

Type: video recordings; oral histories

Place collected: Seattle, King County, Washington, United States, North and Central America
Place depicted: Chicago, Cook County, Illinois, United States, North and Central America; Oakland, Alameda County, California, United States, North and Central America

Date: February 28, 2013

Description: The oral history consists of eleven digital files: 2011.174.57.1a, 2011.174.57.1b, 2011.174.57.1c, 2011.174.57.1d, 2011.174.57.1e, 2011.174.57.1f, 2011.174.57.1g, 2011.174.57.1h, 2011.174.57.1i, 2011.174.57.1j, and 2011.174.57.1k.; Elmer Dixon discusses his childhood in Chicago, Illinois and Seattle, Washington, where he marched with Martin Luther King, Jr., and heard Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) leader Stokely Carmichael speak. At 17 he met Black Panthers Bobby Seale and Huey Newton in Oakland and established, with his brother Aaron Dixon as Defense Captain, the Seattle chapter of the Black Panther Party. Dixon discusses his work with the Panthers, the survival of several of the programs he started, including a health clinic, his work after the Panther chapter closed down in 1978, and his current position as director of an executive consulting firm specializing in diversity issues.; LOC ID: afc2010039_crhp0057

Topic: African American; Activism; American West; Associations and institutions; Civil Rights; Medicine; Social reform; United States--History--1961-1969; United States--History--1969-2001

Credit Line: Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture in partnership with the American Folklife Center, Library of Congress

Object number: 2011.174.57.1a-k

Restrictions & Rights: © Smithsonian National Museum of African American History & Culture and The American Folklife Center, Library of Congress

See more items in: National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
Collection title: Civil Rights History Project
Classification: Media Arts-Film and Video

Data Source: National Museum of African American History and Culture

Steven McNichols Oral History Interview

Created by: Civil Rights History Project, American, founded 2009
Interview of: McNichols, Steven, American, 1939 - 2013
Interviewed by: Cline, David P. Ph. D., American, born 1969
Subject of: University of California, Los Angeles, American, founded 1919; United States Student Association, American, founded 1947; National Student Federation of America; Freedom Riders, American, founded 1961; Delta Ministry, American, founded 1964; Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, American, founded 1964; 1964 Democratic National Convention, American, founded 1964

Medium: digital
Dimensions: Duration: 02:17:14

Type: video recordings; oral histories

Place collected: Burlingame, San Mateo County, California, United States, North and Central America
Place depicted: New York City, New York, United States, North and Central America; Los Angeles, California, United States, North and Central America; Houston, Harris County, Texas, United States, North and Central America; Mississippi, United States, North and Central America

Date: March 1, 2013

Description: The oral history consists of eleven digital files: 2011.174.58.1a, 2011.174.58.1b, 2011.174.58.1c, 2011.174.58.1d, 2011.174.58.1e, 2011.174.58.1f, 2011.174.58.1g, 2011.174.58.1h, 2011.174.58.1i, 2011.174.58.1j, and 2011.174.58.1k.; Steven McNichols discussed his childhood in New York City, his mother's illnesses and attending the University of California, Los Angeles in 1958. He became involved in politics through the National Student Federation and National Student Association, and participated in the Freedom Rides, riding a train from Los Angeles, California, to Houston, Texas. He also discusses his work with the Delta Ministry, the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, and the 1964 Democratic Party convention.; LOC ID: afc2010039_crhp0058

Topic: African American; Activism; American South; American West; Associations and institutions; Civil Rights; Education; Politics (Practical); Social reform; United States--History--1953-1961; United States--History--1961-1969

Credit Line: Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture in partnership with the American Folklife Center, Library of Congress

Object number: 2011.174.58.1a-k

Restrictions & Rights: © Smithsonian National Museum of African American History & Culture and The American Folklife Center, Library of Congress

See more items in: National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
Collection title: Civil Rights History Project
Classification: Media Arts-Film and Video

Data Source: National Museum of African American History and Culture

Mildred Pitts Walter Oral History Interview

Created by: Civil Rights History Project, American, founded 2009
Interview of: Walter, Mildred Pitts, born 1922
Interviewed by: Cline, David P. Ph. D., American, born 1969
Subject of: Southern University and A&M College, American, founded 1880; Walter, Earl, American, died 1965; Congress of Racial Equality, American, founded 1942

Medium: digital
Dimensions: Duration: 01:31:20

Type: video recordings; oral histories

Place collected: San Mateo, California, United States, North and Central America
Place depicted: Louisiana, United States, North and Central America; Los Angeles, California, United States, North and Central America; Soviet Union, Europe

Date: March 1, 2013

Description: The oral history consists of five digital files: 2011.174.59.1a, 2011.174.59.1b, 2011.174.59.1c, 2011.174.59.1d, and 2011.174.59.1e.; Mildred Pitts Walter discusses her early life in Louisiana, attending Southern University, and moving to Los Angeles in 1944. Pitts recalls meeting Earl Walter whom she married two years later, her work with Earl who headed the Los Angeles chapter of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) from 1951 to 1963, CORE pickets of housing developers in Los Angeles, and her work as a clerk in the LA school district while getting her teaching credentials. She also discusses her career writing over 20 books for children, her work with a national association of nurses to develop culturally sensitive training, marching in the Soviet Union for peace, her ideas about civil rights and human rights.; LOC ID: afc2010039_crhp0059

Topic: African American; Activism; American South; American West; Associations and institutions; Children; Civil Rights; Education; Housing; Humanitarianism; International affairs; Medicine; Social reform; United States--History--1945-1953; United States--History--1953-1961; United States--History--1961-1969

Credit Line: Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture in partnership with the American Folklife Center, Library of Congress

Object number: 2011.174.59.1a-e

Restrictions & Rights: © Smithsonian National Museum of African American History & Culture and The American Folklife Center, Library of Congress

See more items in: National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
Collection title: Civil Rights History Project
Classification: Media Arts-Film and Video

Data Source: National Museum of African American History and Culture

Ben Caldwell Oral History Interview

Created by: Civil Rights History Project, American, founded 2009
Interview of: Caldwell, Ben R., American
Interviewed by: Cline, David P. Ph. D., American, born 1969
Subject of: L.A. Rebellion, American, 1967 - 1989; University of California, Los Angeles, American, founded 1919

Medium: digital
Dimensions: Duration: 02:07:24

Type: video recordings; oral histories

Place collected: Los Angeles, California, United States, North and Central America
Place depicted: New Mexico, United States, North and Central America

Date: April 11, 2013

Description: The oral history consists of six digital files: 2011.174.77.1a, 2011.174.77.1b, 2011.174.77.1c, 2011.174.77.1d, 2011.174.77.1e, and 2011.174.77.1f.; Ben Caldwell shares his family's history in the Southwest and his childhood experience in New Mexico. Caldwell describes his military service during the Vietnam War and how his experiences made him reflect on racial prejudices in the United States. He began studying art, and he eventually moved to Los Angeles, where he has been part of a black arts movement since the 1970s. He discusses the L.A. Rebellion, a collective of black filmmakers from UCLA, as well as various art projects in which he has been involved and documentary films he has produced.; LOC ID: afc2010039_crhp0077

Topic: African American; Activism; American West; Art; Associations and institutions; Civil Rights; Education; Film; Military; Social reform; United States--History--1969-2001; Vietnam War, 1961-1975

Credit Line: Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture in partnership with the American Folklife Center, Library of Congress

Object number: 2011.174.77.1a-f

Restrictions & Rights: © Smithsonian National Museum of African American History & Culture and The American Folklife Center, Library of Congress

See more items in: National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
Collection title: Civil Rights History Project
Classification: Media Arts-Film and Video

Data Source: National Museum of African American History and Culture

Rick Tuttle, Ph. D. Oral History Interview

Created by: Civil Rights History Project, American, founded 2009
Interview of: Tuttle, Rick Ph. D., American, born 1940
Interviewed by: Cline, David P. Ph. D., American, born 1969
Subject of: Freedom Riders, American, founded 1961; Wesleyan University, American, founded 1831; University of California, Los Angeles, American, founded 1919; Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, American, 1960 - 1970s; Ku Klux Klan, 3rd, American, founded 1946; Chatham County Crusade for Voters, American, c. 1960

Medium: digital
Dimensions: Duration: 02:04:49

Type: video recordings; oral histories

Place collected: Culver City, Los Angeles County, California, United States, North and Central America
Place depicted: Los Angeles, California, United States, North and Central America; Greenwood, Leflore County, Mississippi, United States, North and Central America; Savannah, Chatham County, Georgia, United States, North and Central America

Date: April 11, 2013

Description: The oral history consists of six digital files: 2011.174.78.1a, 2011.174.78.1b, 2011.174.78.1c, 2011.174.78.1d, 2011.174.78.1e, and 2011.174.78.1f.; Rick Tuttle, Ph. D. describes his family background and when he first became aware of the sit-in movement and the Freedom Rides when he was a student at Wesleyan University. As a graduate student at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), he was recruited to join the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) in 1963 and went to Greenwood, Mississippi, to work on voter registration drives. He also briefly spied on white supremacist and Ku Klux Klan meetings. After being driven out of Mississippi by threats, he joined the Chatham County Crusade for Voters in Savannah, Georgia. Tuttle describes being arrested in Savannah for disturbing the peace and the subsequent trial. Tuttle discusses the work he did after leaving the Movement: as the comptroller in Los Angeles he helped to bring an end to segregation at private clubs and participated in the anti-apartheid movement.; LOC ID: afc2010039_crhp0078

Topic: African American; Activism; American South; American West; Associations and institutions; Civil Rights; Education; Resistance; Segregation; Social reform; Suffrage; United States--History--1961-1969; White supremacy movements

Credit Line: Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture in partnership with the American Folklife Center, Library of Congress

Object number: 2011.174.78.1a-f

Restrictions & Rights: © Smithsonian National Museum of African American History & Culture and The American Folklife Center, Library of Congress

See more items in: National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
Collection title: Civil Rights History Project
Classification: Media Arts-Film and Video

Data Source: National Museum of African American History and Culture

William S. Leventhal Oral History Interview

Created by: Civil Rights History Project, American, founded 2009
Interview of: Leventhal, William S., American, born 1946
Interviewed by: Cline, David P. Ph. D., American, born 1969
Subject of: University of California, Los Angeles, American, founded 1919; Summer Community Organization and Political Education, American, founded 1965; Major League Baseball, American, founded 1869; Dr. King, Martin Luther Jr., American, 1929 - 1968

Medium: digital
Dimensions: Duration: 03:02:18

Type: video recordings; oral histories

Place collected: El Segundo, Los Angeles County, California, United States, North and Central America
Place depicted: Los Angeles, California, United States, North and Central America; Atlanta, Fulton County, Georgia, United States, North and Central America; Macon, Bibb County, Georgia, United States, North and Central America; Americus, Sumter County, Georgia, United States, North and Central America

Date: April 13, 2013

Description: The oral history consists of eight digital files: 2011.174.82.1a, 2011.174.82.1b, 2011.174.82.1c, 2011.174.82.1d, 2011.174.82.1e, 2011.174.82.1f, 2011.174.82.1g, and 2011.174.82.1h.; Willy Siegel Leventhal discusses his childhood in California, his experiences at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) in the 1960s, and his involvement in the Summer Community Organization and Political Education Project (SCOPE). Leventhal describes what it was like to be a Jewish child in a mostly Catholic community and how his childhood experiences informed his later activism and identity. Baseball was especially important to him, as he witnessed the first Jewish and African American ballplayers desegregate the Major Leagues. Leventhal became active in SCOPE during his first year at UCLA, after Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., visited campus to recruit students. Leventhal describes the SCOPE training in Atlanta, and he shares his memories of living and working in Macon and Americus, Georgia.; LOC ID: afc2010039_crhp0082

Topic: African American; Activism; American South; American West; Associations and institutions; Baseball; Civil Rights; Education; Religion; Social reform; United States--History--1961-1969

Credit Line: Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture in partnership with the American Folklife Center, Library of Congress

Object number: 2011.174.82.1a-h

Restrictions & Rights: © Smithsonian National Museum of African American History & Culture and The American Folklife Center, Library of Congress

See more items in: National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
Collection title: Civil Rights History Project
Classification: Media Arts-Film and Video

Data Source: National Museum of African American History and Culture

Gloria Claudette Grinnell Oral History Interview

Created by: Civil Rights History Project, American, founded 2009
Interview of: Grinnell, Gloria Claudette, American, born 1939
Interviewed by: Cline, David P. Ph. D., American, born 1969
Subject of: Virginia Union University, American, founded 1865; Los Angeles Unified School Disctrict, American, founded 1961

Medium: digital
Dimensions: Duration: 01:06:45

Type: video recordings; oral histories

Place collected: Ojai, Ventura County, California, United States, North and Central America
Place depicted: Richmond, Virginia, United States, North and Central America; San Francisco, California, United States, North and Central America; Los Angeles, California, United States, North and Central America

Date: April 14, 2013

Description: The oral history consists of four digital files: 2011.174.83.1a, 2011.174.83.1b, 2011.174.83.1c, and 2011.174.83.1d.; Gloria Claudette Grinnell recounts her participation in the sit-in movement in Richmond, Virginia, when she was a student at Virginia Union University. She describes her family's history on the East Coast and explains how she and her mother ended up in San Francisco. She discusses her decision to move from California to attend Virginia Union. She describes the sit-in movement that she joined in 1960. She discusses returning to California and her career with the Los Angeles Unified School District.; LOC ID: afc2010039_crhp0083

Topic: African American; Activism; American South; American West; Civil Rights; Education; Social reform; United States--History--1953-1961

Credit Line: Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture in partnership with the American Folklife Center, Library of Congress

Object number: 2011.174.83.1a-d

Restrictions & Rights: © Smithsonian National Museum of African American History & Culture and The American Folklife Center, Library of Congress

See more items in: National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
Collection title: Civil Rights History Project
Classification: Media Arts-Film and Video

Data Source: National Museum of African American History and Culture

The Rev. Dr. Samuel Berry McKinney Oral History Interview

Created by: Civil Rights History Project, American, founded 2009
Interview of: Rev. Dr. McKinney, Samuel Berry, American, born 1926
Interviewed by: Cline, David P. Ph. D., American, born 1969
Subject of: Dr. King, Martin Luther Jr., American, 1929 - 1968; United States Army Air Corps, American, 1926 - 1941; Morehouse College, American, founded 1867; Liberty Bank, American, 1968 - 1988; Central Area Civil Rights Committee (CACRC), American, founded 1963

Medium: digital
Dimensions: Duration: 01:48:53

Type: video recordings; oral histories

Place collected: Seattle, King County, Washington, United States, North and Central America
Place depicted: Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States, North and Central America

Date: April 17, 2013

Description: The oral history consists of seven digital files: 2011.174.85.1a, 2011.174.85.1b, 2011.174.85.1c, 2011.174.85.1d, 2011.174.85.1e, 2011.174.85.1f, and 2011.174.85.1g.; The Reverend Dr. Samuel Berry McKinney recalls growing up in Cleveland, Ohio, and attending Morehouse College, where he got to know fellow freshman Martin Luther King, Jr. After service in the Army Flight Corps during World War II and finishing his college education, McKinney became a minister at a church in Seattle, Washington, where he contributed to the creation of the Liberty Bank. He discusses his role in founding the Central Area Civil Rights Committee in Seattle.; LOC ID: afc2010039_crhp0085

Topic: African American; Activism; American West; Associations and institutions; Civil Rights; Education; Military; Religion; Social reform; United States--History--1953-1961; United States--History--1961-1969; World War II

Credit Line: Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture in partnership with the American Folklife Center, Library of Congress

Object number: 2011.174.85.1a-g

Restrictions & Rights: © Smithsonian National Museum of African American History & Culture and The American Folklife Center, Library of Congress

See more items in: National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
Collection title: Civil Rights History Project
Classification: Media Arts-Film and Video

Data Source: National Museum of African American History and Culture

Aaron Dixon Oral History Interview

Created by: Civil Rights History Project, American, founded 2009
Interview of: Dixon, Aaron, American, born 1949
Interviewed by: Cline, David P. Ph. D., American, born 1969
Subject of: Black Panther Party, American, 1966 - 1982; Black Student Union at the University of Washington, American, founded 1968; University of Washington, American, founded 1861; Hutton, Robert James, American, 1950 - 1968

Medium: digital
Dimensions: Duration: 02:27:31

Type: video recordings; oral histories

Place collected: Seattle, King County, Washington, United States, North and Central America

Date: May 11, 2013

Description: The oral history consists of eleven digital files: 2011.174.87.1a, 2011.174.87.1b, 2011.174.87.1c, 2011.174.87.1d, 2011.174.87.1e, 2011.174.87.1f, 2011.174.87.1g, 2011.174.87.1h, 2011.174.87.1i, 2011.174.87.1j, and 2011.174.87.1k.; Aaron Dixon describes his childhood in the Midwest and in Seattle and how he became a leader in the Black Panther Party, helping to found the Seattle chapter of the Party. He helped Dixon describes in detail his family history and the influence of oral tradition on his racial consciousness. He discusses the role of the Black Student Union at the University of Washington and details how the murder of Little Bobby Hutton influenced him profoundly and led him to join the Black Panther Party. He describes the Party's influence in Seattle and Oakland, his role in the Party, tensions with the police, tensions among members, and how the goals of the Black Panther Party shifted over the during 1960s and 1970s.; LOC ID: afc2010039_crhp0087

Topic: African American; Activism; American West; Associations and institutions; Civil Rights; Education; Race relations; Social reform; United States--History--1961-1969; United States--History--1969-2001

Credit Line: Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture in partnership with the American Folklife Center, Library of Congress

Object number: 2011.174.87.1a-k

Restrictions & Rights: © Smithsonian National Museum of African American History & Culture and The American Folklife Center, Library of Congress

See more items in: National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
Collection title: Civil Rights History Project
Classification: Media Arts-Film and Video

Data Source: National Museum of African American History and Culture

William “Bill” Russell Oral History Interview

Created by: Civil Rights History Project, American, founded 2009
Interview of: Bill Russell, American, born 1934
Interviewed by: Branch, Taylor, American, born 1947
Subject of: University of San Francisco, American, founded 1855; National Basketball Association, American, founded 1946; Boston Celtics, American, founded 1946; Major League Baseball, American, founded 1869; Boston Red Sox, American, founded 1901

Medium: digital
Dimensions: Duration: 03:07:25

Type: video recordings; oral histories

Place collected: Seattle, King County, Washington, United States, North and Central America
Place depicted: Louisiana, United States, North and Central America; Oakland, Alameda County, California, United States, North and Central America; San Francisco, California, United States, North and Central America; Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, United States, North and Central America

Date: May 12, 2013

Description: The oral history consists of eleven digital files: 2011.174.88.1a, 2011.174.88.1b, 2011.174.88.1c, 2011.174.88.1d, 2011.174.88.1e, 2011.174.88.1f, 2011.174.88.1g, 2011.174.88.1h, 2011.174.88.1i, 2011.174.88.1j, and 2011.174.88.1k.; Basketball player William "Bill" Russell remembers his childhood in Louisiana and Oakland, California, in the 1940s. After winning two Final Fours with the University of San Francisco, he won an Olympic gold medal and an NBA championship playing for the Boston Celtics, one of thirteen Russell would win, including eight in a row. Russell had a difficult relationship with the sports media in Boston, but a better one with his Celtics teammates. He defends the organization as progressive on racial matters (as opposed to the Red Sox) and describes a post-retirement reconciliation with Boston that resulted in considerable Red Sox support for his mentoring organization and a statue of him, erected in 2013.; LOC ID: afc2010039_crhp0088

Topic: African American; Activism; American West; Athletes; Baseball; Basketball; Civil Rights; Education; Olympics; Race relations; Social reform; United States--History--1933-1945; United States--History--1945-1953; United States--History--1953-1961; United States--History--1961-1969; United States--History--1969-2001; United States--History--2001-

Credit Line: Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture in partnership with the American Folklife Center, Library of Congress

Object number: 2011.174.88.1a-k

Restrictions & Rights: © Smithsonian National Museum of African American History & Culture and The American Folklife Center, Library of Congress

See more items in: National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
Collection title: Civil Rights History Project
Classification: Media Arts-Film and Video

Data Source: National Museum of African American History and Culture

Luis Zapata Oral History Interview

Created by: Civil Rights History Project, American, founded 2009
Interview of: Zapata, Luis, 1944 - 2015
Interviewed by: Dr. Crosby, Emilye Ph. D., American
Subject of: San José State University, American, founded 1857; United Farm Workers of America, American, founded 1962; Mississippi Freedom Labor Union, American, founded 1965; Council of Federated Organizations, founded 1962; Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, American, 1960 - 1970s; Espy, Alphonso Michael "Mike", American, born 1953

Medium: digital
Dimensions: Duration: 02:02:01

Type: video recordings; oral histories

Place collected: Silver Spring, Montgomery County, Maryland, United States, North and Central America
Place depicted: Orange County, California, United States, North and Central America; San Jose, Santa Clara County, California, United States, North and Central America; Cleveland, Bolivar County, Mississippi, United States, North and Central America

Date: June 27, 2013

Description: The oral history consists of six digital files: 2011.174.95.1a, 2011.174.95.1b, 2011.174.95.1c, 2011.174.95.1d, 2011.174.95.1e, and 2011.174.95.1f.; Luis Zapata describes his childhood in Orange County, California, and how he came to join the labor movement as a college student at San Jose State University. He discusses the organizing work he did with the United Farm Workers and how he ended up moving to Cleveland, Mississippi, for four years where he organized for the Mississippi Freedom Labor Union and helped to register voters with the Council of Federated Organizations (COFO) and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). Zapata also discusses his later involvement in the congressional campaign of Mike Espy as well as his participation in international movements for human rights.; LOC ID: afc2010039_crhp0095

Topic: African American; Activism; Agriculture; American South; American West; Associations and institutions; Civil Rights; Education; Humanitarianism; Labor; Social reform; United States--History--1961-1969

Credit Line: Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture in partnership with the American Folklife Center, Library of Congress

Object number: 2011.174.95.1a-f

Restrictions & Rights: © Smithsonian National Museum of African American History & Culture and The American Folklife Center, Library of Congress

See more items in: National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
Collection title: Civil Rights History Project
Classification: Media Arts-Film and Video

Data Source: National Museum of African American History and Culture

The Exile

16mm motion picture film of The Exile

Created by: Bowser, Pearl, American, born 1931
Directed by: Oscar Micheaux, American, 1884 - 1951
Owned by: Bowser, Pearl, American, born 1931

Medium: 16mm Film (a): acetate film;; 16mm Film (b): acetate film;; 16mm Film (c): acetate film;
Dimensions: Duration (Reel 1): 32 Minutes; Length (Film): 1140 Feet; Duration (Reel 2): 28 Minutes; Length (Film): 1000 Feet; Duration (Reel 3): 19 Minutes; Length (Film): 700 Feet

Type: motion pictures (information artifacts)

Place filmed: Greenwich Village, New York City, New York County, New York, United States, North and Central America
Place depicted: Chicago, Cook County, Illinois, United States, North and Central America; South Dakota, United States, North and Central America

Date: 1931

Description: This 16mm black and white feature film, "The Exile", was Oscar Micheaux's first "talkie" (a feature film with a synchronized audio/dialogue track). The film was based on his novel "The Conquest, The Story of a Negro Pioneer" (1913).; Consists of: 16mm Film (a), 16mm Film (b), 16mm Film (c), Original Film Reel (d); 2012.79.1.30.1a: Reel 1, 2012.79.1.30.1b: Reel 2, 2012.79.1.30.1c: Reel 3: 16mm film.; Edith Duval, a former maid, occupies a Southside Chicago mansion after it is abandoned by its wealthy meat packer owner. She is part of a wild crowd that likes to gamble, dance and have a good time. One night, when she throws a huge party for her friends, Jean Baptiste, a sincere young black man, draws her away from the crowd and confesses his love for her. Edith is delighted and tells Jean her plans to turn the house into a gambling club. Outraged by the suggestion, Jean declares his desire to take her away to a farm in South Dakota to earn an honest living. Edith, however, scornfully sends him away. Five years later, Jean has become such a successful farmer that he needs a hand with the chores and asks his new neighbors for help. Jean and the head of the family agree that the son will work for him. Meanwhile, Agnes, the daughter, is very attracted to Jean and, although he returns her love, he breaks off the romance because she is white and he is afraid that she will face a difficult life if they marry. Brokenhearted, Jean returns to Chicago. There, he visits Edith's nightclub, and determined to put Agnes behind him, he proposes to Edith again. This time she happily accepts. Unfortunately, an old lover of Edith shoots her in a jealous rage and Jean is accused of her murder. Upon seeing his name in the paper, Agnes decides to go to his aid. Her father agrees, and before she goes, he tells her that her mother was of Ethiopian descent, so it is all right for her to marry Jean. Just as she arrives in Chicago, she meets Jean, who has been completely cleared of the crime. The two set off for a happy married life in South Dakota.

Topic: African American; American West; Film; Literature

Credit Line: Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Pearl Bowser

Object number: 2012.79.1.30.1abc

Restrictions & Rights: Public Domain

See more items in: National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
Collection title: Pearl Bowser Collection
Classification: Media Arts-Film and Video

Data Source: National Museum of African American History and Culture

Two Gun Man From Harlem

16mm motion picture film of Two Gun Man From Harlem

Directed by: Kahn, Richard C., American, 1897 - 1960
Written by: Kahn, Richard C., American, 1897 - 1960
Subject of: Jeffries, Herb, American, 1913 - 2014; Brooks, Clarence, American, 1896 - 1969; Moreland, Mantan, American, 1902 - 1973; Williams, Spencer, American, 1893-1969

Medium: 16mm Film (a): acetate film;; 16mm Film (b): acetate film;
Dimensions: Duration: 66 Minutes; Length (Film Reel 1): 600 Feet; Length (Film Reel 2): 1600 Feet

Type: motion pictures (information artifacts)

Place depicted: Wyoming, United States, North and Central America
Place filmed: Hollywood, Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, California, United States, North and Central America
Place depicted: Harlem, New York City, New York County, New York, United States, North and Central America

Date: 1938

Caption: When a cowboy is wrongfully accused of murder, he assumes the identity of a Harlem gangster; to whom he bears a striking resemblance.
Description: 2015.167.21.1ab: 16mm black and white films.; Framed for his boss' murder by the victim's unfaithful wife, Bob Blake (A.K.A. 'The Singing Cowboy') escapes to New York. In Harlem he meets his look-alike, a gangster named Deacon. When Deacon is killed by a rival gang, Bob, disguised as the dead gangster, returns to his home town to clear his name.; Source:; WorldCat. Accessed on August 12, 2016 (https://www.worldcat.org/title/two-gun-man-from-harlem/oclc/32249820&referer=brief_results)

Topic: African American; American West; Race films; Urban life; Violence

Credit Line: Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Randall and Sam Nieman

Object number: 2015.167.21.1ab

Restrictions & Rights: Unknown - Restrictions Possible

See more items in: National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
Collection title: Nieman Film Collection
Classification: Media Arts-Film and Video

Data Source: National Museum of African American History and Culture

The Bronze Buckaroo

16mm motion picture film of The Bronze Buckaroo

Directed by: Kahn, Richard C., American, 1897 - 1960
Subject of: Jeffries, Herb, American, 1913 - 2014; Williams, Spencer, American, 1893-1969; Brooks, Clarence, American, 1896 - 1969

Medium: 16mm Film (a): acetate film;; 16mm Film (b): acetate film;
Dimensions: Duration: 60 Minutes; Length (Film Reel 1): 1200 Feet; Length (Film Reel 2): 900 Feet

Type: motion pictures (information artifacts)

Place depicted: Arizona, United States, North and Central America
Place filmed: San Bernardino County, California, United States, North and Central America

Date: 1939

Caption: A group of cowboys search for their friend, who has recently gone missing. During their search, they uncover a bitter land dispute between their missing friend and his neighbor.
Description: 2015.167.4.1ab: 16mm Black and White film.; This film is a roaring round-up of song-studded thrills in this 1938 western featuring an all black cast in a Richard C. Kahn production.; The film is about five cowboys led by Bob Blake that ride from Texas to help their friend, Joe Jackson, who has moved to Arizona for his health. At the Jackson ranch, his sly assistant, Slim Perkins, throws his voice, using ventriloquism to convince foolish "Dusty" that the mule "Gabriel" talks. Bob learns from Joe's sister Betty that Joe disappeared three weeks before and is reminded that her father had vanished in a similar manner and later had turned up dead. The cowboys drift into town to learn what they can. Dusty and a companion enter a saloon, where brutish cowhand Pete shoots his partner in a card game and then forces Dusty to smoke four cigars at once. Bob enters to interrupt the bully and the two have a fistfight. Dusty, who has purchased Gabriel for twelve dollars, is angry that the mule does not talk for him, but finds Slim's book on ventriloquism. Later, Dusty tells Slim that he is teaching Gabriel to recite poetry, then loses his clothes in a crooked poker game with Slim. Bob visits Buck Thorn, a neighbor of the Jacksons' who has offered to buy their ranch, and employs Pete and some other tough cowhands. While riding together, Bob and Betty encounter Uncle, a codger who informs them that he mailed a letter from Joe to Bob a few weeks earlier, a letter he found unstamped and lying on the ground underneath a window of the saloon. Bob enters the saloon, pretending to be drunk. Upstairs, Buck, Pete and their henchmen try to force Joe to sign a deed to his land over to them because it contains a mine worth one million dollars in gold. Bob finds them and pulls a gun but is knocked over the head by the bartender. A shootout breaks out downstairs when his friends come to his rescue. Returning to the ranch, they discover that Betty is gone. She has left to follow Pete, who carries a message that Joe is hurt, and is captured. Buck has Joe branded with a hot iron, and Betty is threatened with the same treatment. Meanwhile, Betty's horse returns to the ranch and Bob and his friends follow the animal's tracks. They are caught by Pete, but escape when Slim throws his voice to make them think others have arrived. During a gunfight among the rocks, the sheriff and his men are led to the scene by Dusty riding Gabriel, and Dusty shoots Pete. Dusty then wins back his clothes and twelve dollars from Slim by using ventriloquism to impersonate Gabriel reciting a satirical poem, while Bob and Betty ride off together.; Sources:; AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Accessed on August 9, 2016 (http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=2235); Worldcat. Accessed on August 9, 2016 (http://www.worldcat.org/title/bronze-buckaroo/oclc/30820246&referer=brief_results)

Topic: African American; American West; Race films

Credit Line: Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Randall and Sam Nieman

Object number: 2015.167.4.1ab

Restrictions & Rights: Unknown - Restrictions Possible

See more items in: National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
Collection title: Nieman Film Collection
Classification: Media Arts-Film and Video

Data Source: National Museum of African American History and Culture

Harlem Rides the Range

16mm motion picture film of Harlem Rides the Range

Directed by: Kahn, Richard C., American, 1897 - 1960
Written by: Williams, Spencer, American, 1893-1969
Subject of: Jeffries, Herb, American, 1913 - 2014

Medium: 16mm Film (a): acetate film;; 16mm Film (b): acetate film;
Dimensions: Duration: 58 Minutes; Length (Film Reel 1): 1100 Feet; Length (Film Reel 2): 1100 Feet

Type: motion pictures (information artifacts)

Place depicted: Arizona, United States, North and Central America
Place filmed: Sindewinder Valley, Apple Valley, San Bernadino County, California, United States, North and Central America

Date: 1939

Caption: In this American black cowboy film, a cowboy and his sidekick try to help his girlfriend's father from being cheated out of his property.
Description: 2015.167.9.1ab: 16mm black and white films.; A cowboy and his sidekick that try to help a homesteader from being cheated out of his property.; Bradley and his henchman, Jim Connors, visit rancher Dennison to remind him that his mortgage is due and announces that they will either take a fifty-percent share of his mine or foreclose on him. When Bradley and Connors inform Dennison that they have stolen his radium samples, a struggle ensues and Dennison is apparently killed by Connors. Connors and Bradley quickly hide the body and flee. Later, two riders from Amarillo, Texas, Bob Blake and his lazy partner Dusty, enter the Dennison ranch hoping to find employment or dinner and discover blood on a table. After discouraging Dusty from stealing a tin of food, Bob sights a picture of a lovely girl and takes it. During target practice on the nearby Watson ranch, Mr. Watson agrees to hire Bob and Dusty for thirty dollars a month plus food. At Watson's ranch, Dusty recognizes Connors' horse as the one he saw fleeing the Dennison ranch and learns that Connors is the ranch foreman. Meanwhile, Cactus, a ranch hand, tells Watson that his buddy Tex has disappeared and leaves to look for him. Noticing Connors leaving late at night, Bob follows him into a trap, but bests him in a fistfight. The next morning, Watson fires Connors and makes Bob the new foreman. After Watson and Bob encounter Cactus burying Tex, they fetch the sheriff to pay a visit to the Dennison ranch. There they find a can of spilled tomato juice and believe that Bob and Dusty mistook for it blood. When Connors demands one hundred dollars from Bradley to keep quiet, Bradley kills him and throws suspicion on Bob. The sheriff arrests Bob, and Dusty insists on accompanying him to jail. When the sheriff tells Bradley that Watson has received a letter from Dennison's daughter Margaret saying that she will be arriving with $6,000 to pay off her father's debts, Bradley decides that she too must be killed. After escaping through the use of a rope trick, Bob sets out to rescue Margaret. Meanwhile, Cactus finds the sheriff locked up and shows him a letter that explains Bradley's duplicity. Bob and Margaret ride from the deserted train station to make their stand against Bradley's men. During the subsequent gun battle, Bob runs out of ammunition, but the sheriff, Watson and others ride up in time to capture Bradley and his men. Cactus then shoots Bradley to avenge Tex. Returning to the ranch, Bob and Dusty find that Dennison has recovered and has been hiding in his mine, and that it was he who spilled the tomato juice on the table. When Bob tries to return Margaret's photograph, she shows her affection for him by giving it back to him.; Source: AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Accessed on August 10, 2016 (http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=2234)

Topic: African American; American West; Business; Race films; Violence

Credit Line: Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Randall and Sam Nieman

Object number: 2015.167.9.1ab

Restrictions & Rights: Unknown - Restrictions Possible

See more items in: National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
Collection title: Nieman Film Collection
Classification: Media Arts-Film and Video

Data Source: National Museum of African American History and Culture

Wedding scrapbook compiled by Lollaretta Pemberton

Manufactured by: C.R. Gibson and Company, American, founded 1870
Subject of: Allen, Lollaretta Pemberton, American, 1895 - 1979; Allen, Grover Joseph, American, 1889 - 1984

Medium: leather, ink on paper, newsprint and pressure-sensitive tape
Dimensions: Closed: 10 3/4 × 8 1/8 × 3/8 in. (27.3 × 20.6 × 1 cm)

Type: scrapbooks

Place depicted: Chicago, Cook County, Illinois, United States, North and Central America; Marshall, Harrison County, Texas, United States, North and Central America

Date: 1939

Description: This is a "Wedding Memories" scrapbook made by Lollaretta Pemberton for her wedding to Grover Allen on July 10, 1939. The scrapbook has a white leather cover with stylized gold-leaf leaves and the words "Wedding Memories" embossed across the front. Inside Lollaretta included her wedding invitation, a newspaper clipping of her dream wedding dress, and lists of guests and their gifts.
Transcription Center Status: Transcribed by digital volunteers

Topic: African American; American West; Communities; Families; United States--Social life and customs

Credit Line: Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Rita C. Organ and Pemberton Family

Object number: 2012.30.5

Restrictions & Rights: Unknown - Restrictions Possible

See more items in: National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
Classification: Memorabilia and Ephemera
Exhibition: Defending Freedom, Defining Freedom: The Era of Segregation, 1876-1968
On View: NMAAHC (1400 Constitution Ave NW), National Mall Location, Concourse 2, C 2053

Data Source: National Museum of African American History and Culture

Banner with motto of Oklahoma Federation of Colored Women's Clubs

Created by: Unidentified
Used by: Oklahoma Federation of Colored Women's Clubs, American, founded 1910
Subject of: National Association of Colored Women's Clubs, American, founded 1896

Medium: silk (fiber), wood, paint
Dimensions: 2010.2.1a: 37 1/4 × 31 1/2 × 1 3/8 in. (94.6 × 80 × 3.5 cm); 2010.2.1b: 13/16 × 31 1/2 × 13/16 in. (2.1 × 80 × 2.1 cm)

Type: banners

Place collected: Muskogee, Muskogee County, Oklahoma, United States, North and Central America

Date: ca. 1924

Description: A purple silk banner with gold fringe created for the Oklahoma Federation of Colored Women's Clubs. The message "LIFTING / AS / WE CLIMB" is painted across the banner in large gold letters. Above the words is a painted design of three interlocking triangles, the center of which is filled with the two on either side in outline. The bottom of the banner is scalloped and has an attached length of fringe. The top of the banner has a sewn loop running its length for a rod (2010.2.1b) to be inserted. There is a strip of gold fringe sewn just below this loop. The rod is currently stored in place in the banner. It is painted gold at the ends and has a dowel inserted at the end of the proper left side with a hole for a dowel on the proper right side.

Topic: African American; Activism; American South; American West; Associations and institutions; Civil Rights; Communication; Communities; Political organizations; Politics (Practical); United States--History--1865-1921; Women

Credit Line: Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture

Object number: 2010.2.1abc

Restrictions & Rights: No Known Copyright Restrictions

See more items in: National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
Classification: Memorabilia and Ephemera
Exhibition: Making a Way Out of No Way
On View: NMAAHC (1400 Constitution Ave NW), National Mall Location, Community/Third Floor, 3 050

Data Source: National Museum of African American History and Culture

Banner for Oklahoma Federation of Colored Women's Clubs

Created by: Unidentified
Subject of: National Association of Colored Women's Clubs, American, founded 1896; Oklahoma Federation of Colored Women's Clubs, American, founded 1910

Medium: silk (fiber), wood, paint
Dimensions: H x W x D (2010.2.2a-d): 38 × 41 × 1 3/8 in. (96.5 × 104.1 × 3.5 cm); H x W (2010.2.2a): 36 × 29 in. (91.4 × 73.7 cm); H x W x D (2010.2.bc): 1 9/16 × 36 3/4 × 1 9/16 in. (4 × 93.3 × 4 cm); H x W x D (2010.2.2d): 1 9/16 × 1 9/16 × 5 1/2 in. (4 × 4 × 14 cm)

Type: banners

Place collected: Muskogee, Muskogee County, Oklahoma, United States, North and Central America

Date: ca. 1924

Description: A purple silk banner with gold fringe created for the Oklahoma Federation of Colored Women's Clubs. The message "OKLAHOMA / FEDERATION / OF / COLORED WOMEN / 1910" is painted across the banner in large gold letters. The bottom of the banner is scalloped and has an attached length of fringe. The top of the banner has a sewn loop running its length for a rod (2010.2.2b) to be inserted. There is a strip of gold fringe sewn just below this loop. The rod is currently stored in place in the banner. It is painted gold at the ends and has two carved wooden finial painted gold. 2010.2.2c is attached to the rod and 2010.2.2d is detached.

Topic: African American; Activism; American South; American West; Associations and institutions; Civil Rights; Communication; Communities; Political organizations; Politics (Practical); United States--History--1865-1921; Women

Credit Line: Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture

Object number: 2010.2.2a-d

Restrictions & Rights: No Known Copyright Restrictions

See more items in: National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
Classification: Textiles; Memorabilia and Ephemera
Exhibition: Defending Freedom, Defining Freedom: The Era of Segregation, 1876-1968
On View: NMAAHC (1400 Constitution Ave NW), National Mall Location, Concourse 2, C 2053

Data Source: National Museum of African American History and Culture

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